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166

Employes’ Magazine

May, 1935

SURVIVORS

Dozens of stores have

come and gone during the past thirty years.
We are among the survivors who built our
business on the rock of quality, honest value
and willing service.

When business is good, it’s easy to build
a reputation. A crisis such as the past de¬
pression is the proving ground for the per¬
manence of any business.

We still maintain the same standards of
quality and service at reasonable prices.

This is the reason our stores have sur¬
vived manv depressions.

^~Jhe Union Pacific Uoal Company Stores

'‘Where your dollar is a Big Boy all the time”

Rock Springs - Reliance -Winton - Superior - Hanna

THE UNION PACIFIC COAL COMPANY

Volume 12 May, 1935 Number 5

The Romance of the Royal Metal

By Frank H. Probert

(Dean of the College of Mining, University of California.)

“The River of Hope is a magical stream
And each of the pools holds a captive dream,

A wonderful dream of some nomad bold
Who washed its sands, in the search for gold.”

H ow truly this stanza of the Alaskan poet Camp
epitomizes the optimism, and mirrors the ex¬
pectancy of those who from times immemorial have
been lured to the search for the elusive, yet ever--
lasting metal, gold. Gold is an elemental metallic
substance, heavy, soft, of beautiful and persistent
color, unalterable, untarnished, untouched by the
vicious attack of disintegrating forces through ge¬
ologic time—a useless metal in industry, yet prized
throughout the world, sought after, fought for,
coveted, cherished. It has always been the object
of man’s cupidity.

Gold is widely though not plentifully distributed
in the earth. It is mined on every continent. It
comes from the frigid north and the burning trop¬
ics, from mountain range and ocean beach, from,
shallow placers and deep lodes, and the sum total
of the struggle, effort and hardship from all coun¬
tries is about 700 tons a year. The Alaska Juneau
mine works at a profit ore from a vein averaging
less than 81.00 a ton. This means that there is only
one part of gold by weight in 583,000 parts of ore,
or by volume one part in 3j/2 million. Gravels
containing five cents and less per cubic yard have
also been" successfully worked. The biggest nugget
on record was found near Ballarat. Australia, in
1869, weighing 190 lbs. Rich veins extend to great
depths in "the earth’s crust; the gold in the creeks
of the Klondike, .Alaska, is estimated to be the con¬
centrated metal of 136 cubic miles of disintegrated
mountains, averaging about two cents gold per
ton, while the vast ocean contains dissolved gold
of such value that the world’s total production of
the last four centuries would never be missed from
the storehouse of the Seven Seas. If the sea has
half a grain of gold to the ton, then in the 300 odd
million cubic miles of salt water, for every man,
woman, and child on the face of the globe there
is an individual fortune of 50 million dollars dis¬
solved in the sea. The thing is to get it out. I do

not offer this as a means to relieve the present
depression, or as a way of taking up the slack
of employment but I am long since past the time
of ridiculing these highly speculative opportuni-.
ties. The degree of concentration of gold in sea
water is small but not much smaller than the gold'
content per unit of volume in some gravels.

Where did Mother Nature first rock her golden
cradles to the melodies of rippling streams or
rushing waters, causing men with her lullaby to
dream dreams of adventure, avarice and conquest?
Where was it that man first paused to pick up the
gleaming grains, and what is there about gold that
beckons and calls, that lures and fascinates, in all
climes, at all times? To answer these questions is
to write the history of human progress.

We can surmise that as the products of the field
became scarce homo sapiens migrated in search of
food, fashioning implements for the chase from
stone and flint. Presumably these expeditions fol¬
lowed the river beds or water courses and we can
picture the questioning look of our primitive pro¬
genitor as some shining speck arrested his atten¬
tion. Scooping up the sand in his hand, twisting it
around the better to see it, he panned the precious
metal and thus started the mining industry. His
find was a lustrous and alluring substance; its
form, but not its beauty, could be changed by ham¬
mering with the crude implements he carried. It
could be fashioned into any pleasing shape, could
be moulded to fit any part of his body, and its
first use was for personal adornment. The guild of
goldsmiths dates back to the glimmering dawn of
human enlightenment.

The curtain of time rises and falls, punctuating
the passage of centuries with stirring incidents. In
the sequence of years new stages are found for the
enactment of the same old drama of life, new
mountings for a thousand tableaux.

The Employes Magazine is distributed to employes free of cost. Subscription to other than employes $1.50 per year.
Articles of interest to our readers, photographs and sketches suitable for reproduction are solicited and should be
addressed to Editor, Employes Magazine, Union Pacific Coal Company, Rock Springs, Wyoming.

167

168

Employes’ Magazine

May, 1935

“For in and out, above, about, below,

’Tis nothing but a magic shadow show

Play’d in a box, whose candle is the sun
Round which we phantom figures come and go.”

Tribal communities, according to researches into
the past, were first formed in the broad stretches
of the valleys of the Nile and Euphrates. In these
black lands the roots of civilization are deeply em¬
bedded. Here were recorded the very rudiments of
scientific thought from which the alchemists and
later the chemists took their cue. The mysterious
changes of form, color, and texture of mineral
substances by natural processes attracted attention,
but gold did not change, hence the efforts of gen¬
erations to transmute metals into gold.

In the land of Egypt, the cradle of civilization,
rock carvings dating back to 2500 B'. C. depict
miners washing alluvial gravels and melting the
grains in small furnaces, but the story of gold
lacks continuity and we are bewildered by the
pause and the introduction of new players.
Throughout the kaleidoscopic picture we realize
the true import of the basic need of natural re¬
sources for the maintenance of national strength.
This world of ours, vast as it appears on the map,
small as it really is, has progressed only in so far
as the courageous few, impelled to adventurous
action by the indefinable urge to wrest from the
earth her secrets and hidden treasure, have by
genius or lucky chance first wielded the pick, then
planted the flag.

Northward and westward the trend of empire
wended its way. From Syria, Babylonia, and Meso¬
potamia our forebears, the “lords of the soil”,
spread throughout Asia Minor and southern Eu¬
rope. Braving the passes of the Taurus or more
likely sailing forth, where, whither, and for what
purpose we know not, but hugging the embayed
coast line of the Mediterranean they discovered the
gold fields of Anatolia, Thasos and Thrace.

The fanciful exploits of these hardy men in the
metalliferous province bordering the Aegean Sea,
in an age when manly courage and physical
strength appealed to the progressive and virile
races, was the main theme of the writers of that
day. We must however remember that the ancient
historians, being largely poets, philosophers, states¬
men, or theologians, were hazy in their concepts
and understanding of technologic subjects. Their
mining and metallurgical metaphors are overdrawn,
their word pictures are absorbingly interesting
though perhaps not didactic. We cannot challenge
the veracity of the vision of the masters, their work
was creative and artistic—and it survives. A rich
heritage of truth has been handed down through
the ages in the classic myths. Ovid’s Metamorphoses
tells of the choice of Midas. Midas, King of Phry¬
gia, having done a kindly deed for a drunken
henchman of Dionysus (Bacchus) was offered his
choice of a reward, and asked that the gift of the
golden touch be his. The God of Wine consented:

all with which Midas came in contact turned to
gold: food and drink, all things alike. In anguish
he prayed to be delivered from this glittering de¬
struction and the merciful deity, again heeding his
request, sent him to bathe in the river Pactolus.
Scarce had Midas touched the waters, before the
gold-creating power passed into them, and the river
sands became golden as they remain to this day.
How many of us today worship at the shrine of
false gods—and they do not satisfy.

While the stor>- of Jason and the Argonauts in
their quest for the golden fleece has been worn
threadbare by repetition, it is perhaps the master¬
piece of Alexandrian literature. Appolonius writ¬
ing in 235 B. C weaves into the Argonautica a
background of the traits of unconquerable super¬
men, but softens the picture with the story of
Medea’s passion, of lovely tenderness and strangely
modern introspection- making the story without
parallel in Greek poetiy. To interpret this chimeri¬
cal story taxes the imagination, but a synoptic para¬
phrase would read: the prospector (Jason), aided
by scientific knowledge i^Medea), after great'Strug-
gle and hardships found the mine (the golden
fleece) for which he searched. The eyes of Argus
never close. The classic myths live on with their
fascinating charm, veiling many a truth under the
grotesque of a fair>- tale. The argonauts of later
days have, many of them, searched in vain for the
dorado at the foot of the rainbow. The romance of
the royal metal is never ending.

“California called, and from far away.

Over desert and mountain keep.

In lands where the wind-swept prairies lay,
And the ice-clasped torrents sleep.

They heard her voice, like a golden chime.

And in dreams they saw her rise

From golden streams in a golden clime,

’Neath the blue of faithful skies.”

In July, 1839, there was stranded on the coast
near what is now San Francisco, John .A. Sutter, a
German Swiss, a soldier of fortune, an adventurer
in many lands. His “get-rich-quick” schemes failed,
and in an effort to revive his dwindling fortune,
he established a lumber business in August ’47
anticipating business expansion with the declara¬
tion of peace. He secured the services of a New
Jersey carpenter, James ^ . Marshall, to build and
operate a sawmill. At Coloma, on the South Fork
of the American River in El Dorado County, dur¬
ing the winter of 1847, the mill was built, but
trial tests pointed to necessary chaiiges. The wheel
was improperly placed and the tail race not suf¬
ficiently deep. The water was dammed back and
then released to deepen the sluices. On the morning
of January 24, 1848, gold was discovered, and as
a result thousands of gold-gluttonous souls sailed
or teamed or trekked to this land of Colchis by the
Golden Gate.

May, 1935

Employes’ Magazine

169

‘‘They came, and she dowered with spendthrift
hands

The hopes of their wildest dreams

And she flung at their feet the golden sands

That slept in her shining streams —

Saxon and Teuton and Celt that trod
The paths of her treasured springs
TTith shoon of silver their feet she shod
And clothed them in robes of kings.”

During the first five years following the rush,
about 81.000.000,000 worth of gold was extracted
from the stream beds of the Yuba district, a con¬
tribution from California to the whole world, far-
reaching in its economic and human influence. To
this Grass Valley district the mining industry owes
much. Here the rocker. Long Tom, and sluice were
developed. Ground sluicing started at Coyoteville
Diggings—now Nevada City—in 1851. Here, too,
drift mining on buried placers began in ’56. A
blacksmith. IMatteson, in 1853 applied the princi¬
ples of hydraulicking to alluvial gravels. In Octo¬
ber ’49 Dr. Caldwell started a store to serve the
miners of Dee Creek; increasing industry merited
increasing dignit\' and the community became
known as Coyote Diggings, then Coyoteville and
later Nevada Gtr'. At Grass Valley, in 1850 the
possibility- of mining gold quartz veins was first
proved: here the first Me claim laws were written,
here many advances were made in milling prac¬
tices. Withal, in these early pioneering days, a
high morale prevailed among men which found
expression in the crude but forceful code which
governed their actions and protected their proper¬
ties. The gentlemanly agreements respecting shape
and size of claims, and possessory rights were sub¬
sequently incorporated in the law of the land. The
district first established a maximum width of 600
feet for a lode chain rvhich was later written into
the federal statutes of 1872.

IMemories of the golden age of California still
linger in the minds of men grown grey. The pio¬
neers have passed, and of them it may be said,
■‘They gave their strength to riskful search in the
hard places of the earth. With warm hearts toward
fellow men and hands ready to kindly deed, they
filched from no man's store, lessened no man's op¬
portunity, but took their wealth from the hills.”
Sutter’s saga may never be surpassed in the history
of mining; it is the brightest nugget yet found in
the stream bed of that romance.

A three months’ voyage brought E. H. Hargraves
from Sydney, Australia, to California in 1849. He
remained only a year, but learned a lot. On re¬
turning to New South Wales, he set out on horse¬
back and, after a week’s travel, discovered the sad¬
dle reefs of Bendigo and a few months later, the
mines of Ballarat. The hegira which followed pre¬
cipitated Australia into nationhood.

The decade 1850-1860 was a hectic period for
gold diggers and the nomadic crowds must have
wearied of travel in an effort to follow the path
of gold. 1858 brought the boom of Fraser River,

British Columbia, and two years later the Cariboo
rush started. Real excitement followed the polyglot
caravan when Stratton, the carpenter, seeking
health (and wealth) in the exhilarating air near
Pike’s Peak on July 4, 1891, located the famous
Independence mine. Thus began the crusades to
Cripple Creek.

The cry had gone forth to the world in 1868,
to come and partake of the riches of the land with
the Boers of South Africa, who since 1833 had
tilled the soil but had done nothing of mining. In
dire financial straits they even offered bonuses to
any and all who would exploit the mineral re¬
sources. The Lydenburg fields were discovered in
’76 and the Witwatersrand in 1885. Since 1887 the
“Rand” has produced over 40% of the world’s
supply of gold. The Uitlanders increased in num¬
bers and, pressing for a voice in governmental
affairs which found a climax in the Jameson Raid,
indirectly brought about the bloody South Africa
War. The tragedy of gold!

From the veldt of the Transvaal the scene rap",
idly shifts to the silent north where the “call of
the wild” of the Klondike is heard in 1894, to be
quickly followed by the spell of the Yukon.

“There’s gold, and it’s haunting the haunting;

It’s luring me on as of old;

Yet it isn’t the gold that I’m wanting

So much as just finding the gold.

It’s the great, big, broad land ’way up yonder.

It’s the forests where silence has lease;

It’s the beauty that thrills me with wonder,

It’s the stillness that fills me with peace.”

Thrilling stories have filtered through the ice¬
bound fastnesses of the forbidding area on the in¬
ternational boundary where at the confluence of
a myriad frigid streams the Yukon River is born.
In 1866 Russia had ceded her North American pos¬
sessions to the United States for $7,200,000 and
within one generation the annual value of its placer
gold far exceeded the price paid for the whole ter¬
ritory of Alaska.

Nevada, the sage brush state! Have her gleaming
deserts, her parched plains and sun scorched moun¬
tains contributed their tales to this lust for gold?

"I am the Desert; bare since Time began;

Yet do I dream of motherhood, when man

One day at last will look upon my charms,

And give me towns, like children, to my arms.”

The twentieth century is ushered in by another
boom. Jim Butler is wearily urging his companion,
a burro, along the hot dusty trail from Belmont to
South Klondike, Nevada. His attention is attracted
by some black rock, he breaks off a lump and
guided by intuition rather than by reason packs it
with him to Carson City. Curiosity caused him to
barter for the cost of an assay a quarter interest
to Taskar L. Oddie, then a young district attorney
of Nye County, later governor of the state and

170

Employes’ Magazine

May, 1935

United States senator. Oddie in turn offered one-
half his interest to an assayer for a test. It ran $400
to the ton. Three months later the famous Mizpah
' mine was located, which in eighteen months yielded
$5,500,000 to the Tonopah Mining Company. Great
was the faith of Jim Butler, great his enthusi¬
asm and optimism. In his days of affluence he
played the wheel of fortune by grub-staking many
a former friend and would enjoy his leisure hours
driving from .prospect pit to pit, enquiring of the
laborers below, “How’s it looking today, boys?”
On one occasion receiving the reply, “’Bout the
same Jim, looks good one day, bad the next,” he
retorted kindly, “Work every other day, pardner,
it’ll look good all the time!”

Since 1903 the Goldfield district has produced
50 million dollars in bullion. The leases on the Mo¬
hawk claim had a total output of $50,000 a day
for 106 consecutive days. Under such conditions
greed grappled with the finer instincts of human¬
kind and moral turpitude pervaded the frenzied
camp. Reckless abandon and riotous living charac¬
terized these early days at Goldfield. Prince and
pauper, beauty and beast, man and moron worked
and won, schemed or stole, danced and drank as
the throbbing hours were ticked off. The central
figure was one George Wingfield, a cowboy of the
desert ranches, who went to Tonopah when only 21
and found employment in a Nevadan Monte Carlo,
an adjunct to a saloon run by Tom Kendall. Wing¬
field was straight, shrewd and on the square, he
conserved his earnings and became a power in his
home state. There is little tangible evidence today
of Goldfield’s former opulence. The tawdry glamor
is gone, the mines are abandoned. On July 6, 1923,
the decadent town was destroyed by fire, the out¬
come of a bootlegger’s feud. As memories of Gold¬
field sink into history, with the ghostly headframes
of gaping shafts silhouetted against the darkening
' sky, those of us who have witnessed the scenes of
a mining boom may agree that “’tis better to have
lived and lost, than never to have lived at all.”

In the preamble I referred to the comparative
uselessness of the yellow metal in the arts and in¬
dustries, and yet there is no mineral substance that
exerts a more profound effect upon human, social,
industrial, financial, national and international in¬
stitutions than does gold. The lure of gold is more
than its beauty. We are conscious today, as perhaps
never before, of the eccentricity of its distribution,
of its elusiveness. An intriguing romance surrounds
the royal metal no matter from what viewpoint
you contemplate it. Where it is, there it is. Yes,
but where is it? I have directed your attention to
the vast treasure chest of the Seven Seas but science
has not as yet found the key with which to unlock
it and make available its riches. I have taken you
in hurried travelogue to the four corners of the
earth, guided by the argonauts of the past ages
and what is the net result of the great adventure?
The total monetary stock of gold in the wide world
is estimated to be half a billion ounces valued at

about eleven billion dollars. If this could be mould¬
ed into a solid lump it would form a cube, the
edges of which would measure 381/2 feet.

We have no data on the progressive contribu¬
tions of the gold diggers during the shadowy cen¬
turies of by-gone time but seemingly it was incon¬
sequential. We do know that of the gold produced
throughout the world since the discovery of Amer¬
ica in 1492, more than 85% has been mined during
the last 80 years and over 52% since the dawn of
the twentieth centur>-. The year of peak produc¬
tion was 1915 with nearly 23,000,000 ounces. In
the last 440 years the North American continent
has yielded 28% of total gold, Africa 27% and
Australia 17%.

Neither rhyme nor reason explains the erratic
occurrence of gold in the earth’s crust but once it
has been converted into bullion or currency we find
its distribution even more unbalanced. Of the eleven
billions of monetary gold about 60% is held by two
countries, the United States and France. This is
the equivalent of S-IO per capita of population.
The Gold Delegation of the League of Nations says
that to keep abreast of normal business growth, our
mines must make available each year 2% more
than the year preceding. As a matter of fact the
world figures indicate a falling off in total output
in such startling amount that but few countries can
back their money with bullion. Isn’t it strange that
the British Empire, which produces 70% of the
world’s gold should depart from the gold standard?

I am not one of those who feel that we should
turn back the hands of the clock of business prog¬
ress. that technology has brought us to destruction,
or that there is a condition of overproduction. I
cannot subscribe to the statement that the world s
consumptive markets have reached the saturation
point. I do. however, realize that our currency and
credit svstems have approached their elastic limit
and are at the point of rupture. Stagnation in inter¬
national trade has come from the widely variant
value of the standard coins of trading nations. Our
bankers may bristle with indignation at any sug¬
gestion that disturbs our worship at the altar of
gold but there are many who feel that we may
with advantage, depart from the sheen of the path¬
way of gold and follow the shimmer of a silver
trail. ■Vrhatever the answer to the perplexing prob¬
lem, monometallism or the remonetization of sil¬
ver, the lure of gold will remain.

Nuggets and colors and grains of gold have been
found m the whirl of the pan of ages past. What
of the future? There will be adventurers setting
forth for new conquests; the golden melodies of
the song of the Sirens will be heard again, entic¬
ing, impelling men to search the far corners of the
earth. There may be gold at the foot of the ram-
bow and many there are who will seek it, but while
caprice and fortuitous circumstances may cause
the unsuspecting to stumble on to the alluring me¬
tal, intelligent men will impress science, the modern
Medea, into their service to divine their course

May, 1935

Employes’ Magazine

171

and direct their footsteps to the riffles in the bed¬
rock, or to the unobtrusive veins.

“Dreams are dreams, wise man’s or fool’s
And they sink in the waters and fill the pools
Of the River of Hope, that flows and flows
Through the land of mountains, trees and snows.
River of Hope, where the sunlight gleams
Your mirrored pools hold golden dreams.”

Run of the Mine

The Guffey Bill

T he Guffey Act Senate 2481, which was revised
from the original bill. Senate 1417, was gotten
up to regulate the bituminous coal industry. Among
other provisions suggested by the Act is that of
providing a form of allocation, the standard quotas
of tonnage for mines within the respective districts
(Wyoming to be known as District 18), to be
based on the percentage of the two years of highest
production during the period 1925 to 1934, inclu¬
sive, extended against the 1934 district tonnage.

We have cast up the situation for de¬

veloping results which show plainly that the formu¬
la set up is totally unworkable, the distortions in
output and allocation, shown in part below:

Tons Mined, 1934 Per Cent

Northern Wyoming. 827,954.79 18.9

Southern Wyoming. 3,548,836.67 81.1

Total . 4,376,791.46 100.0

On basis proposed method of allocation, the re¬
sults would be:

.itlocmuJ Immmsed Per Cent

Northern Tonnage Tomnafte Increase

Wyoming 1,634.235.40 806.280.61 31.3

Southern

Wyoming 5,319,712.63 1.770.875.96 68.7

Total.... 6,953,948.03 2.577.156.57 100.0

When the formula is applied to individual mines,
the irregularities become even more apparent. For
example, the largest producing company in North¬
ern Wyoming would secure an increase of over 100
per cent in tonnage, and the largest producing
company in Southern Wyoming would likewise se¬
cure an increase of over 20 per cent. This tonnage
would necessarily be transferred from other com¬
panies. who have built up their investments and
manpower over a period of years.

The control boards set-up, plus the taxation to
be added for various items, would crush the coal
industry, more particularly in the western region.

where the highest wages are paid and where gas
and fuel oil competition is most severe. Looking
upon the bill in its entirety, justifies the statement
that if it is enacted and was not thereafter proved
to be unconstitutional, it would turn out to be the
most unworkable, meddlesome, and expensive regu¬
lation that could be applied to the coal industry.
It would seem as though Congress should seek a
new and fresher “guinea pig” upon which to ex¬
periment. We got the seven-hour day out of one
venture, the anthracite industry yet keeping its
eight-hour day, all other industries of consequence
using a day of eight or more hours duration.

Tfie Romance of Gold

E ARE especially privileged to reproduce in
this number of The Employes’ Magazine, the
romantic story of the search for that most royal
of all metals—gold—written by Frank H. Proberf,-
Dean of the College of Mining, University of Cali¬
fornia, Berkeley, California.

The search for gold has thrilled humanity from
almost the very beginning, and our own New Eng¬
land bred thousands of boys in the nineteenth cen¬
tury, who talked gold, dreamed gold, and in many
instances left their homes to engage in the search
for the precious metal. When our Government lifted
the value of gold from $20.67 to $35.00 per ounce,
the quest for gold, which had to a marked extent
waned, rose again to new heights, and all over the
West, our mining engineering schools are teaching
young and old men how to search for gold and
how to recover it, in the old and primitive way
when it is found.

Dean Probert is a delectable writer, wbo speaks
as interestingly as he writes, and we are sure that
our readers will appreciate the Dean’s story, origi¬
nally published in the February issue of the Cali¬
fornia Monthly, reproduced in The Employes’
Magazine with the permission of the author.

Why Do the Railroads Demand
Economy?

HE Class One railroads of the United States

(those which earn $1,000,000 or more annually)
are continuously being urged to buy more supplies,
pay more wages, and to reduce passenger and
freight rates.

They are also urged to put on more and faster
trains, air-conditioned cars, etc., though few sug¬
gestions are made as to how the additional service
is to be paid for.

The earnings of the railroads by months since
1930 as shown herewith;

172

Employes’ Magazine

May, 1935

RAILWAY EARNINGS BY MONTHS SINCE 1930
[class I railroads]

[Excluding Switching and Terminal Companies]

1930 1931

January .$54,676,294 $33,579,602

Eebruary .... 58,400,643 27,021,833

March . 60,079,959 45,635,968

April . 60,901,325 38,820,312

May.67,793,478 40,741,621

June . 67,663,111 49,605,285

July . 81,470,731 55,864,605

August . 94,327,471 55,376,239

September .. . 102,852,390 54,495,107

October. 110,923,349 63,099,592

November .... 61,175,416 35,650,484

December .... 48,505,431 26,843,779

*Total .$868,878,773 $525,627,852

1932

1933

1934

$11,182,051

$13,585,011

$31,058,275

21,614,192

10,133.779

29,420,772

32,584,468

10,805.518

52,037.848

20,273,159

19,351.463

32,264,610

11,665,704

41,042.629

39,494.978

12,299,666

59,831.292

41,836,302

11,287,422

64,752.602

35,220,890

27,985,137

61,401,984

39,677.337

48,947,045

60,608.882

41.020,485

62,784,036

. 57,366.046

48.624.984

33,396,308

37,662.122

31.582.704

32,304,894

37,726.341

38.738.295

$326,298,008

$474,212,304

S462.706.910

1935

$21,348,557

25,719,919

$47,047,014

Return on Property Investment

3.30% 2.00% 1.24% 1.80% 1.77% 1.57%

based on ar
not always

years 1930
sum of the

to 1933, and revised monthly
monthly table.

reports for 1934 and 1935,

It will be noted that while $60,479,052 was earn¬
ed in the first two months of 1934, but $47,047,014
was earned in the same two months of this year.
The competition of the highways built largely from
taxes paid by the railways is among the conditions
that have confronted the railways. The Chicago
Daily Tribune recently said;

“We appear to have forgotten the history
and general principles of railroading and take
it for granted that railways will always be able
to offer us efBcient sendee while our waterways
are frozen, when our truck is in the shop, or
our automobile out of commission. The unfor¬
tunate feature is that they cannot continue in
private operation as a 'second choice and
public operation would be an unthinkable
calamity.”

Statesmen or Reformers, NA/hich?

X LL roads lead to the nation’s capitol. Thou-
sands of men are compelled to leave their
places of business each month to journey to Wash¬
ington. The Pullman cars are filled with men busy
analyzing codes and code amendments, page upon
page of statistics and endless orders and rulings
issued by a benevolent government. One-half of
the rail passengers carry a lawyer’s brief case,
some two. The hotels are crowded, one stands in
line to register, and at times diners are turned
away from the more modest priced dining rooms.
A place can always be had in the “great dining
hall” where the prices are doubled. Six thousand
taxicabs litter the streets, and their fares are low.

Then comes the army of government employes,
the number showing no sign of diminution. Now

that $4,800,000,000 additional funds have been
authorized, more administrators and clerks will
doubtless be needed. Government employes are now
so numerous in Washington that working hours
have been staggered to reduce street congestion.

On July 2, 1932, Franklin D. Roosevelt said.
“As an immediate program of action, we must
abolish useless offices. We must eliminate actual
prefunctions of govemment. * * * By our example
at Washington itself we shall have the opportunity
of pointing the way of economy of local govern¬
ment." When President Hoover was going out of
oftce. the number of employes on the Federal pay¬
roll was 563.489. On April 1, 1935, the number
had ^own to 680,546.

Three-fourths of the plans evolved by the gov¬
emment have proven but experiments, doomed to
failure, for the reason that they promised too much
in too short a time. Those who advanced these vari¬
ous schemes to restore business and prosperity
overlooked the fact that the methods, customs and
habits of a people cannot be changed overnight.

Frank H. Simonds, a brilliant writer and analyst,
said in an Atlantic Monthly article published in
January last, “Originally the League of Nations
represented an attempt to found a permanent politi¬
cal institution upon a temporary popular emotion.”
Such is the basis upon which, most unfortunately,
many of our prosperity plans were founded.
Changes must, if they are to prove permanent, be
made slowly.

In 1930, there was published a life of Andrew
Johnson, written by Lloyd Paul Stryker, a lawyer.
We quote one striking passage from this splendid
life story of a great American, who was maligned

May, 1935

Employes’ Magazine

173

and persecuted because he insisted in carrying out
the reconstruction plans of Abraham Lincoln. Here
are compelling words:

“The statesman has patience, the reformer
never. The statesman sees and recognizes evil;
he desires its correction, but in correcting it he
is unwilling to destroy all that is good. With
as much, perhaps with more of clarity thkn
the reformer, he .sees wrong; with as much,
perhaps more sincerity, he desires the remedy,
but he is unwilling to kill when his purpose
is to heal. You have in Robespierre your typi¬
cal reformer, in Washington the statesman.
The men of the Mountain chose as the instru-
m«it of progress the guillotine and sought in
one red summer to correct the evil of cen¬
turies. It was not long before their changed
calendar was marking them for the ash heaps
of history-. The British Constitution was not
the work of red-handed fanatics, but of the
slow accumulation of centuries of light.”

Mexico Goes Art

GOOD many years ago, so many in fact, that
we will say. sometime after the Civil War
and before the Spanish-American War, we spent
occasional week ends in the city of Morelia, the
capital of the state of Michoacan, Mexico.

This city, not large, was then noted as the place
where the Tenth Regiment, with the most famous
military band in Mexico, was quartered. Every Sat¬
urday evening, and on Sunday afternoon and eve¬
ning. the Tenth Regiment band enlivened the Zoco-
la, or city- park with airs such as “Sobre los Olas”
(Over the Waves i and “La Golondrina” (The Swal¬
low), compositions wholly Mexican, which have
since spread over and captivated the whole music-
loving world.

Our host was a gifted and cultnred Irishman, a
graduate of Trinity College. Dublin, and an arche¬
ologist by profession. This gentleman, whose wort
has taken him through South and Central .\merica.
where his discoveries had won him much acclaim,
married a wealthy Spanish lady, and it was due
to their kindness that a rather lonesome youth
was enabled to spend three or four very happy
though short holidays, the only return the youth
could make that of conversing with his host in the
English tongue, Senor O’Neil then the only English
speaking resident of a city that stood somew'hat off
the beaten path.

Morelia had, it is true, a less often mentioned
claim to fame, that of being the birthplace of Don
Agustin de Iturbide, who became her first dicta¬
tor, lasting but a few months, when he was com¬
pelled to stand in front of a firing squad, his back

to a stone wall. This brings us to the justification
for this half-personal story.

Morelia’s most conspicuous contribution to the
goddess Art then consisted of a statue to Don Itur¬
bide, full size, erected upon a very slim, round
pedestal, without visible base, the stone column
rising out of a dirt paved street, the whole struc¬
ture leaning over at a very treacherous angle, in
fact the Leaning Tower of Pisa had very little on
the Morelia statue.

Now Morelia, with its Tenth Regiment band per¬
haps forgotten, and its leaning statue fallen, swung
into the headlines a few weeks ago when two young
American muralist painters, Rueben Kadish, 21,
and Philip Goldstein, 22, completed 1,024 square
feet of “Post-Surrealism” fresco in six months.

“Time” recently published a cut and description
of the fresco, from which we quote:

“The huge wall, when finished, showed with
gripping realism dear to the Mexican heart the ‘
Workers’ Struggle for Liberty. The left half ■
of the main wall depicted nude workers knock¬
ing from a ladder, with splintered beam, lead
pipe, and spike-studded stick, a colossal figure
supposed to represent the Medieval Inquisi¬
tion. So shrewdly foreshortened is this last
figure that it seems to be crashing right out of
the wall down on spectators. In the centre is
the broken-necked body of a hanged woman
and above her a hooded and villainous priest.
The other half of the wall is given over to the
Modern Inquisition. Near the floor is the body
of an electrocuted man, realistically rigid. Ris¬
ing through a trap door are two hooded figures
representing the Ku Klux Klan and Nazi-ism.

In the extreme upper right. Communists with
sickle and hammer are rushing to the rescue.”

Attempting to explain the difference between
Post-Surrealism and Surrealism, the writer said:

" "The New Classicism is the antithesis of
the esthetically irrelevant psychological illus¬
tration of the popular Expressionist-Surrealists
and should in no way be identified with their
dadaistic denial of the universality of the
esthetic. The graphic objectification of the con¬
scious and subconscious psychic meanderings
in itself does not create art. . . Thus in Genesis,
the contemplation of the direction and se¬
quence of the introspectively associated ob¬
jects dictates the rhythms, which are ‘thought-
unity’ rhythms rather than graphic lines.’ ”

Times must have changed in the old city of
Morelia since we saw it in 1889.

Annual Mine Vacations

Announcement of the annual vacation periods for
the various mining districts is made at this time.
Our employes may now go ahead in preparation

174

Employes’ Magazine

May, 1935

of plans for their fishing trips, visit relatives in
this and surrounding states, or whatever other ac¬
tivities they may have in mind.

Reliance—June 6th to 15th, inc.

Superior—June 27th to July 6th, inc.

Winton—July 7th to July 16th, inc.

Rock Springs—July 17th to July 26th, inc.

Hanna—July 20th to July 29th, inc.

It will he observed that the above schedule will
not in any manner interfere with the First Aid
Field Day, nor the Eleventh Annual Reunion of
the Old Timers’ Association, which have been set
for June 21st and 22nd, respectively.

Going Barefoot

HO doesn’t remember the joys of going bare¬
foot and the thrill of getting your shoes and
stockings off for the first time in the spring? The
date of this event varied with the season, but it
was generally understood that when the thermome¬
ter reached 80 degrees, permission to go barefoot
would be granted.

How gingerly we stepped around for the first
few days, avoiding sharp stones, sand-burrs, etc.,
the soles of our feet later to become so hardened
as to permit us to walk nonchalantly through
cockle-burrs and even stubble fields.

The following article, entitled “Compensation”,
is taken from John Matter’s column, “The Passing
Show”, in The Chicago Journal of Commerce, is¬
sue of April 5. Like Mr. Matter, we sometimes
used to wonder whether the daily, and sometimes
several times a day. foot washing, especially in
muddy weather, was worth the benefits to be de¬
rived.

COMPENS.\TION

In the old days, when spring warmth crept into
the air, the summer joy of all summer joys to
which we looked forward the most eagerly was
going barefoot.

Shoes and rubbers, galoshes and boots all were
for the hard earth and the frozen snow of winter,
and for the chill rain and stiff mud of spring and
autumn. Good enough in their way, but to be tossed
aside with a shout when the sun climbed high in
the sky and to tender soles the ground was mild
and genial.

Bare feet gave you a sense of belonging to the
earth. Whether or not you received through your
wriggling toes and bustling heels any beneficial
magnetic currents that made you grow tall and
straight and have good teeth and sound morals, as
some old folk stoutly maintained, I do not know.
However, I do know there were few delights in my
early days comparable to squirting mellow mud
between those selfsame toes and scattering dust with
those very heels.

Your bare feet gave you intimate and exact
knowledge of the tremendous variety of surfaces

for your pleasure and the differences of the same
surfaces. Cement sidewalks, for instance, felt one
way in the cool of the morning and another way
in the heat of the day. Brick walks had a range of
effects in sun and shower, by day and by night,
and so had w'ooden sidewalks (including splinters!)
and cinder walks and macadam streets (Oh, the
ubiquitous stone bruise!) and gravel pikes and
meadow and stubble and path along the river or
beside the lane or meandering through the meadow.
And as for the earth itself, in freshly spaded gar¬
den or newly turned furrow or plain raw ground
of the bare knoll or creek bank or gully side, there
was no limit to the sensations it offered the sensi¬
tive, fleeting foot.

The boy who has never gone barefoot from June
to September has missed a range of joys. True, he
has also missed, no doubt a miscellany of punc¬
tured soles, stubbed toes and stone-bruised heels.
They are minor things, and not worth the men¬
tioning.

But hold! There are compensations. The boV who
has never gone barefoot has never had to wash his
feet night after night, week after week, month after
month, before he went muttering and oppressed off
to bed.

Heavy Purchases Made by the
Railroad Companies

According to a recent article appearing in the
“Railway Age,” Chicago, the railroad purchases
for several years past as shown below, aggregate
some large figures.

1930 .31,038,500,000

1931 . 694,000,000

1932 . 445,000,000

1933 . 457,750,000

1934 . 625,000,000

Their purchases for 1935, it is stated, will far
exceed those of several years past. Of the 1934
outlay, this brief sumary will interest our readers:

Fuel .$220,000,000

35% of the total

Forest products . 78,300,000

121/2% of the total

Iron and steel products. 177,275,000

29% of the total

Miscellanous . 149,425,000

231/2% of the total

The roads used 83,000,000 tons of coal; 1,900,-
000,000 gallons of fuel oil; 23,500,000 gallons of
lubricating oil; 25,000,000 gallons of illuminating
oil and 32,600,000 gallons of gasoline.

The tired looking man sat facing the solicitor.
“So you want a divorce from your wife,” said the
latter. “Aren’t your relations pleasant?”

“Mine are,” came the answer, “but hers are sim¬
ply terrible.”

May, 1935

Employes’ Magazine

175

Make It Safe "

March Accident Graph

F or March t»%-o injuries are reported. One of these,
a fatality, occurring in the Winton district, badly
mars our safety record for 1935.

Many of our accidents with their corresponding
injuries that have happened this year are the results
of “chance-taking”, failing to observe safety rules
either thoughtlessly or wilfully. That age old im¬
pulse of taking chances is still with us and the
maiming and crippling of workmen will continue
until such a time arrives that we will all become
saturated and imbued with the spirit of safety both
in the homes and at work, then perhaps we can all
w'ork to that objective— Elimination of all Ac¬
cidents.

The best lesson any mine worker can give himself
is to take his “foot off the gas” and apply the brakes
on himself: the next time he is tempted to take a
short cut and disobey a safety- rule or safe method
of working. It takes real will power to do it but
it may add many years to your lifetime, happiness
and usefulness.

It is difficult for many workers to see that the
kind of mishaps or accidents that are occurring
most frequently in their different lands of occupa¬
tions today are the kind that can only be stopped
by their own self-control and reliance. They are
the kind of accidents that cannot be stopped by a
wave of the hand and a lot of hot air, or even by
different kinds of ingenious mechanical safeguards.
They are not prevented by wishing or talking or
by making new safety rules. They can be prevented
only by the individual himself using sane and sound
judgment, by taking hold of himself and carrying
out a few simple precautions.

Get safety into your heart, soul, and body, and
make a firm resolution to do your part for the bal¬

ance of the year. It will pay you dividends. It is
not for the sake of The Union Pacific Coal Com¬
pany, for your Foreman, or any of your supervi¬
sors, but for yourself, your family and your loved
ones. Do it! Do it Now!

COMPENSABLE INJURIES AND MANHOURS
BY MINES
March 1935

Man Hours

Place Man Hours Injuries Per Injury

Rock Springs No. 4. .

24,703

No Injury

Rock Springs No. 8. .

40,943

Rock Springs Outside

12,928

No Injury,

Reliance No. 1.

22,540

No Injury

Reliance Outside . ..

7,910

No Injury

Winton No. 1.

42,420

Winton Outside.

8,708

No Injury

Superior “B”.

19,656

No Injury

Superior “C”.

18,025

No Injury

Superior “E”.

19,957

No Injury

Superior Outside. ...

11,431

No Injury

Hanna No. 4.

24,591

No Injury

Hanna Outside.

10,822

No Injury

Period January 1 to-March 31, 1935

Man Hours

Place Man Hours Injuries Per Injury

Rock Springs No. 4..

. 67,760

33,880 ■

Rock Springs No. 8..

.114,443

28,611

Rock Springs Outside

36,917

No Injury

Reliance No. 1.

. 65,870

65,870

Reliance Outside. . .

. 23,177

23,177

Winton No. 1.

.118.986

39,662

Winton Outside._

. 24.654

No Injury

Superior “B”.

. 57.141

No Injury

Snjjerior “C”.

. 50.757

No Injury

Superior “E”.

. 57,890

No Injury

Superior Outside...

. 32,774

No Injury

Hanna No. 4.

. 73,822

73,822

Hanna Outside.

. 32,518

No Injury

COMPENSABLE INJURIES

AND

MANHOURS

BY DISTRICTS
March 1935

Man Hours

Place Man Hours Injuries Per Injury

Rock Springs . 78,574 1 78,574

Reliance. 30,450 0 No Injury

(Continued on page 177)

176

Employes’ Magazine

May, 1935

Standings of the Various Sections in the Annual
Safety Contest

F or the first time this year we are ahead of the
corresponding period of 1934 in Man Hours Per
Injury for all sections. Let us hold the line and keep
that place. This will mean not more than one injury
per month through the month of June. How about
a “No Injury” month? It has been some time since
we have gone a month without an injury. The two

injuries this month displaced two more “No Injury”
sections underground. The score now stands: Under¬
ground, 40 sections with no injuries, 10 sections
with one or more injuries; Outside, four sections
with no injuries, one section with one injury. Where
is your section?

Following are the standings:

Man Hours
Per Injury
No Injury
No Injury
No Injury
No Injury
No Injury
Nt( Injury
No Injury
No Injury
No Injury
No Injury
No Injury
No Injury
No Injury
No Injury
No Injury
No Injury
No Injury
No Injury
No Injury
No Injury
No Injury
No Injury
No Injury
No Injury
No Injury
No Injury
No Injury
No Injury
No Injury
No Injury
No Injury
No Injury
No Injury
No Injury
No Injury
No Injury
No Injury
No Injury
No Injury
No Injury
29,948
21,444
19,925
16,988
12,397
12,38S
12,341

UNDERGROUND SECTIONS Lost Time

Section Foreman Mine and Section Man Hours Injuries

John Zupence.

Section

20.646

J. H. Crawford.

Section

19.836

Frank Hearne.

Section

ia603

Joe Jones.

.Hanna

Section

18.395

Ernest Besso.

Section

17.094

Charles Grosso.

.Reliance

Section

16.667

F. M. Slaughter.

Section

16,198

Clem Bird and L. T. Jones. .Winton

Section

14.063

Clyde Rock.

Section

13,398

10.

Eliga Daniels.

.Rock Springs 4,

Section

12,265

11.

C. L. Wilson.

.Winton

Section

12,131

12.

Grover Wiseman.

Section

12,082

13.

Clifford Anderson . . .

Section

11,823

14.

Joe Goyen.

Section

11.620

15.

Ben Caine.

Section

11,347

16.

Roy Huber.

Section

11.319

17.

Richard Arkle .

Section

11.116

18.

Reynold Bluhm.

.Rock Springs 4,

Section

11.047

19.

W. H. Walsh.

Section

11.004

20.

Steve Welsh.

Section

10.864

21.

Austin Johnson.

Section

10.745

22.

Sam Gillilan.

Section

10.633

23.

Paul Cox.

Section

ia6(6

24.

John Adams.

Section

10.578

25.

Sylvester Tynsky.

Section

10.276

26.

Andrew Young.

Section

10.092

21.

Tom Hall.

Section

10.038

28.

Thos. W’halen.

Section

9.786

29.

Thos. Rohinson.

Section

9.436

30.

Henry Bays.

Section

9.100

31.

Ivan Butkovich .

Section

9.059

32.

Evan Reese.

Section

8,057

33.

William Greek.

Section

7,847

34.

C. E. Williams.

Section

7,644

35.

John Peternell .

Section

7,028

36.

Alfred Russold .

.Rock Springs 4.

Section

6,770

37.

Richard Haag...

.Superior

Section

6,769

38.

John Cukale.

Section

6,252

39.

Adam Flockhart.

.Superior

Section

5,005

40.

J. H. Wise.

.Winton

Section

2,667

41.

James Whalen .

.Rock Springs 8.

Section

29,948

42.

Matt Marshall .

.Rock Springs 8.

Section

21,444

43.

Ben Lewis.

Section

19.925

44.

Ben Cook .

Section

16,988

45.

Homer Grove.

Section

12,397

46.

R. J. Buxton.

Section

12,388

47.

R. T. Wilson.

.Winton

Section 10

12,341

May, 1935

Employes’ Magazine

Steve Kauzlarich .Winton

Andrew Spence .Winton

H. Krichbaum .Rock Springs 4,

Section

12,187

7,357

11,789

TOTAL ALL UNDERGROUND SECTIONS, 1935.606,669

TOTAL ALL UNDERGROUND SECTIONS, 1934.534,504

OUTSIDE SECTIONS

Section Foreman District

1. H. J. Harrington.'.Rock Springs

2. Port Ward .Superior

3. E. R. Hennirigsen.Hanna

4. Richard Gibbs .Winton

5. William Telck .Reliance

TOTAL ALL OUTSIDE SECTIONS, 1935. 150,040

TOTAL ALL OUTSIDE SECTIONS, 1934.142,096

TOTAL ALL SECTIONS, 1935.756,709

TOTAL ALL SECTIONS, 1934.676,600

Lost Time
Man Hours Injuries
36,917 0

32,774 0

32,518 0

24,654 0

23,177 1

12,187

7,357

_5,895_

55052

48,591

Man Hours
Per Injury
No Injury
No Injury
No Injury
No Injury
23,177
150,040
142,096

63,059

56,383

COMPENSABLE INJURIES AND MANHOURS
(Continued from page 175)

Winton. 51,128 1 51,128

Superior. 69,069 0 No Injury

Hanna . 35,413 0 No Injury

All Districts .264.634 2 132,317

All Districts. 19^.. .236.648 4 59,162

Period J anlary 1 to M arch 31. 1935

Man Hours

Place Man Hours Injuries Per Injury-

Hock Springs .219,120 6 36,520

Reliance . 89,047 2 44,524

Winton.143,640 3 47,880

Superior.198,562 0 No Injury

Hanna .106,340 1 106,340

All Districts .756,709 12 63,059

All Districts 1934. ..676.600 12 56,383

March Injuries

John Phhjpoaych. Dalmatian, age 59. pit car
loader-man. Rock Springs So. 8 Mine. Section
No. 6. Lracture of third metatarsal and big toe
of right foot. Period of disability estimated

eight weeks.

John was shoveling coal onto a pit car con¬
veyor loader and standing between the loader
and rib when a small bump discharged some
coal off the rib and a chunk rolled down strik¬
ing his foot. He finished working the shift but
a later examination showed that he had re¬
ceived slight fractures of two foot bones. Such
accidents can be avoided if the workman Avill
use more precaution in keeping the rib properly
trimmed, and avoid working in a tight place
between loading machine and rib. John has had
previous injuries that tend to show he is a care¬
less workman.

Andrew Cuthbertson, American, age 19, loading
end man, Winton No. 1 Mine, Section No. 9.

FATAL. Received fractured pelvis and internal
injuries that caused death three days later.

Andrew, a young man employed at Winton
Mines last June, was working on a shaking
conveyor loading end. He had finished loading
a trip of three cars, when he and the unit fore¬
man decided to drop the three cars down a
slight grade to a parting track, a distance of
(Please turn to next page)

ATTENTION

First Aid Field Day — June 21st, 1935

ALL—Men’s First Aid Teams

Boy Scout First Aid Teams
Senior Girl Scout First Aid Teams
Junior Girl Scout First Aid Teams

The Inter-Company First Aid Field Day
wiU be held at Rock Springs this year, on
Friday, June 21.

Practice for this event should begin im¬
mediately and all team members should take
an active part in this valuable training.

Requirements for Scout Teams will be the
same as in the past.

One team each of Boy Scouts, Senior and
Junior Girl Scouts from each of the districts
of Reliance, Winton, Superor and Hanna.

All Scout Team Members must be regis¬
tered Scouts and have their registration re¬
ceipts before entering the contest.

All Scout Team Members must be under
18 years of age.

Last year’s Field Day was good—let’s make
this one even better. Work hartl and you
will be surprised at the results.

178

Employes’ Magazine

May, 1935

March Injuries

(Continued from preceding page)
approximately 125 feet, outby the loading end.
It was the first time that this had been at¬
tempted, and was being done only to eliminate
one switch that the motor would have to make
in pulling the loads out from under the loading
head. The motor and empties had just pulled
onto the high side parting track when the power
circuit was cut off, due to an overload or short
circuit “kicking out” the circuit breaker.

It was at this time that the two men decided
to drop the cars down to the parting. Andrew
was between the first and second car, operating
the car brake on the front car, and the unit
foreman was operating brake on the rear car.
The motorman, noticing the cars being drop¬
ped down and the lights of the two men on the
cars, began shouting and flagging the trip to
be stopped as the motor was not clear of the
parting switch and he was afraid that the cars
would run into the motor.

This distracted Cuthbertson’s attention for a
few seconds, and, in attempting to set the car
brake, be struck a prop alongside of track and
was knocked to the floor. He was apparently
not seriously injured, complaining only of one
leg hurting him, and, for that reason, very little
first aid was rendered.

This is a most regrettable accident, happen¬
ing as it did to a young man with a whole life’s
work ahead of him, and one in which no
amount of compensation can reimburse the suf¬
fering and shock that it causes to both the par¬
ents and relatives, notwithstanding the agonies
and pain before death of the injured one.

Such sorrowful accidents can easily he
avoided if standard safety practices are always
followed.

Alaska by Steamship

HE Standard Oil Bulletin, March issue, carried
a very informative article entitled “Alaska’s
Amazing Attractions”. As previously set forth in
The Employes’ Magazine, two employes will be
awarded a trip to Alaska during the summer of
1936 for safety work achieved in the year 1935.
In commenting on the Alaskan trip, the Bulletin
article referred to carries the following informative
statement:

“One unique feature about the trip to Alas¬
ka is that every mile of the thousand or more
you travel from Puget Sound is a scenic mile.
No saving up oh’s and ah’s until the destina¬
tion is reached; not this trip. All of the way
north the ship is surrounded by some of the
most eye-filling scenes that the outdoors af¬
fords. The reason for this is that the travel-
lane is between the mainland and countless
islands—the world-famous Inside Passage. The
mountains are high, the headlands are steep,

the islands are green, and the water is smooth.
No other voyage of similar length has beauty
to compare with this one. Thus the coast of
British Columbia is passed; thus Alaska is
entered. Skirting the coast of Southeastern
Alaska, still in protected waters, the first port
of call is Ketchikan, and then, in order, \^’ran-
gell, Petersburg. Juneau, and Skagway. ‘Out
to westward’ is the town of Sitka, on the sea¬
ward side of Baranof Island. North from here,
along the coast of the Gulf of Alaska, are the
ports of Yukutat Cordova, Valdez, Seward,
Seldovia. to name the principal ones. South¬
ward from Cook Inlet is Kodiak Island, almost
directly west from Juneau across the Gulf.

“On the voyage along the coast from Cape
Spencer to Prince William Sound the ship
passes most of Alaska’s great glaciers—and
the world’s greatest. Incredibly big, incredibly
ancient, are these remnants of the Ice Age.
Here, too, the Moontains reach their greatest
height. Such might} peaks as Mt. Crillon, Mt.
Fairweather. Mt. Li^an. Mt. St. Elias’ stand
white against the sky; and far to the north¬
west, inland some miles. ^It. McKinley’s
snowy crest rises over feet—the Ameri¬

can continent’s tallest Mountain. ”

The trip to -\laska will afford an opportunity
to see some of the most extraordinar\~ mountain
scenery in the world, embncii^ not only rugged,
snow-capped mountains, hut in addition tliereto,
glaciers or rivers of ice that are continuously mov-

SAVE

YOUR

LIFE

ybif €an't
beat

SAFETY

May, 1935

Employes’ Magazine

179

ing down to the sea, many of the valleys presenting
a most brilliant spectacle of wild flowers, small
wild fruits, forests of almost tropical density, trees
standing close-massed, creepers and other small
growth making it very difBcult to penetrate same.

Automobiles Awarded for Reduction
of Mine Injuries

The Los Angdes “Times” of March 19, 1935,
contained the squib copied below with relation to
awards of automobiles made in our last Safety Con¬
test for curtailment of mine injuries, etc.:

PRIZES

yoming miners are offered automobiles as
prizes for reduction of accidents in mines. In
1924 there were eleven fatalities and 237 com¬
pensable accidents in nineteen mines. In 1932
under the prize movement, there was but one
fatality in eleven mines. Would it work on the
highways among the speed-boys?”

Report of Mine Accident to Mr. Y. Ek-
man, Driver, Hanna No. 4 Mine,
Hanna, Wyoming

MOST unfortunate accident happened to Mr. Y.
Ekman, at 9:30 P. M., on December 17 last.
This young man, an American, aged 23, was em¬
ployed as a driver, serving a Joy loading machine.
Mr. Ekman’s injuries resulted from being caught
between a mine car and a large block of coal, caus¬
ing abdominal injuries. Most skillful first aid serv¬
ice w-as rendered Mr. Ekman by Messrs. William
Rae. George Crank, and Thomas Lucas, Mr. Ekman
protected against chill, no liquids administered, the
patient handled with extreme care, the accident oc¬
curring two and one-fourth miles from the surface.

On arrival at the Hanna hospital, Mr. Ekman was
found to be suffering profound shock, nauseated
and vomiting, with intense pains covering the entire
abdominal region. The patient was placed in charge
of Doctors R. M. Leake and B. D. Smith, their hur¬
ried examination revealing no broken bones, it de¬
veloping, howev'er, that the patient had suffered
an internal rupture with hemorrhages, therefore
immediate preparations to operate were made.

Investigation developed that two feet in length
of the small intestine had been badly bruised, same
torn entirely across at one point, the entire ca\-ity
filled with intestinal content, making it necessarv to
remove nine inches of the injured intestine, there¬
after sewing the two ends of the intestine together,
cleansing the abdominal cavity, etc.

Extraordinary and severe symptoms thereafter
developed, every problem, however, met by the doc¬
tors in charge in a most skillful manner, the de¬
tails of the subsequent treatment so extraordinary
and involved as to be almost unbelievable. How¬
ever. after eight weeks and two days in the hospital,
having gained 141/4 pounds in the last ten days,

Mr. Ekman came out in good shape, his successful
recovery due to adequate first aid training on the
part of his associate workmen, and most depend¬
able and skillful surgical treatment.

Vegetable Plots

Vegetable gardens have had an increasing popu¬
larity since 1929, when for economic reasons many
home owners re-established the vegetable patch.
Most of those who grew their own com and beans
from sheer necessity during the depression have con¬
tinued to do so, even if the necessity has passed,
and many have increased yearly the sorts of vege¬
tables planted.

This growing interest in home vegetable garden¬
ing is fostered by the fact that once a family has
tasted green peas or Golden Bantam corn picked,
cooked and eaten within a few hours, it is hard
indeed for them to return to the substitute of store
products.

Then too. there is always a surplus in the garden
for canning. During the years of luxury, most wom¬
en felt the supervision of home canning to be too
great a task, but a decrease in money to buy first
quality canned goods has resulted in a revival of
this ancient and honorable home art.

It is often said that there is no economy in rais¬
ing one’s own vegetables, but this is only partly
true. Though the preparation of the ground, pur¬
chase of fertilizer and seeds, and the care and cul¬
ture of the plants may cost as much as the yearly
budget for the purchase of vegetables, the home
garden will produce for the same expenditure a
much greater quantity and a far superior quality of
food.

For this reason the man of fastidious taste will
have his own vegetables if he can arrange to do so.
The home vegetable grower can afford to smile with
patronizing superiority when his less ambitious
neighbor insists that “bought vegetables are just
as good.” He knows otherwise from pleasant ex¬
perience.

In planning the vegetable garden, it is not neces¬
sary to resign one’s self to the thought that it must
be unsightly. With a little forethought it may be
attractive to the eye as well as to the palate. An
untrimmed privet hedge or a screen of clipped
evergreens will provide protection on the north or
east thus forwarding early crops by a week or two.
A grape arbor, as it throws shade, is a sightly north¬
ern boundary.

Many gardeners combine the cutting garden of
flowers with the vegetable garden to great advan¬
tage. The vegetable plots are bordered with those
flowers which are to be cut for house use, and their
cultivation and care can be easily attended to while
one works with the vegetables. This plan makes
the vegetable garden almost as attractive as a flower
garden and has the advantage of combining beauty
with utility. Borders, fences, arbors or screens, how-
(Please turn to page 183)

Employes’ Magazine

May, 1935

Flags Presented to the Italian Legion
with Memorial Ceremonies

A n event of outstanding importance took place
kat the Old Timers’ Building in Rock Springs
Thursday, April 4, when the Italian Legion was
presented with two flags hy The Union Pacific Coal
Company.

Members of the Legion and their guests to the
number of three hundred attended the ceremonies,
prominent among them being Mr. and Mrs. Eugene
McAuliffe, of Omaha; Count L. di San Marzano,
Royal Italian Consul, of Denver, Colorado; Sig.
F. Anselmo, Italian Vice Consul, Salt Lake City,
Utah; Mayor Walter Muir, Dr. Oliver Chambers,
Mr. John W. Hay, Mr. Cecil Haines, representa¬
tive of The American Legion; Mr. Frank Contralto,
representative of the Veterans of Foreign Wars;
Mr. John Walker, representative of the Canadian
Legion; Mrs. Ben Butler, representing the Ladies’
Auxiliary of The American Legion, and Mrs. John
Vicars, representing the Ladies’ Auxiliary of the
Veterans of Foreign Wars.

Mr. V. J. Facinelli made a most efficient and
genial toastmaster. Mr. James Sartoris upheld his
reputation as a capable instructor and director, the
music played by his band being of the highest or¬
der. The duet from II Trovatore by two of his
artists reached sublime heights and those in at¬
tendance heartily applauded its rendition. Other
selections very favorably received were “The Star
Spangled Banner,” “Marchia Reale,” and “L’Union
di Fascisti.”

The flags, one American and one Italian, were
escorted to the speakers’ dais by the entire Italian
Legion, who stood at attention and saluted. Fol¬
lowing the prayer by Rev. S. A. Welsh, these re¬
tired with the exception of the Guard of Honor.

Mr. McAuliffe, on behalf of The Union Pacific
Coal Company, presented the flags to the Legion.
In the following speech, he paid splendid tribute
to the Italian people, who are among the largest
group of foreign-born employes of The Lnion Pa¬
cific Coal Company:

“Soldiers of the Italian Legion, Count L. Di San
Marzano, Royal Italian Consul, Vice Consul Signor
Anselmo, Ladies and guests:

“To be with the Italian Legion and their friends
tonight is a much cherished privilege. The occasion
presents to me another one of the many opportu¬
nities afforded me in the past twelve years to see
the citizens of Rock Springs and vicinity, many
of whom are my own fellow employes, at their
very best.

“To invite me to your gathering and to wait
as you have until I could get out, represents a
double measure of consideration shown me. This
evening likewise marks another high spot in the
history of Rock Springs, a city that owes much to
its men and women of Italian-American citizenship.

It is a real pleasure to be tonight with those who
are either a part of or who are related to the 1,800,-
000 people of Italian blood, who, while living in
the United States, were born in Italy.

“Of the 1.651 men who are employed in our
mines, 114. or 7 per cent, are natives of Italy.
Among this number are 38 men who are members
of our Old Timers' Association, all of whom have
been with die Company not less than twenty years.
Of the thirt} -M nationalities that make up our list
of employes, tbe men of Italian birth occupy third
place in numbers, and no group is held in higher
estimation by our management.

“It was my piivilese. on May 17th last, to pre¬
sent the flags of the United States and Canada to
the then recenUy formed Canadian Legion Post
No. 53 of the Briti^ Empire Service League. Dur¬
ing the Armistice Day exercises held at Rock
Springs in November. 19-34. the American and
Canadian ex-solifiers were joined in the celebration
by a group of fifteen ciluens who had served in
the World War on dw sitle of the .411ied forces.
Seven of the fifteen forming the Italian Legion Post
are employes of The Union Pacific Coal Company,
and, because of riiis, and for the further reason
that the management of The Union Pacific Coal
Company maintains a substantial measure of ad¬
miration for the men of all nationalities who served
in the Great War. I look upon it as a great pri\u-
lege to present the American and Italian colors to
the Italian Legion Post of Rock Springs.

“We are sure that when July Fourth, Armistice
Day, and other similar occasions arise, we will be
privileged to witness the American, Canadian and
Italian flags carried together, a vivid and patriotic
spectacle.

“Like all other Americans who served in the
Great War, our Italian citizens carried on courage¬
ously, manfully, and patriotically, and, while I
can not pick out any particular member of the
Rock Springs Post for special commendation, may
I say a few words to you regarding an Italian sol¬
dier who has been referred to as perhaps the most
romantic figure that ever passed across the stage
of the American mining industry. I refer to Prince
Gelasio Caetani, the son of the Duke of Sermoneta,
and a member of one of the oldest and most his¬
toric Italian families. Prince Caetani’s mother had
been a Miss Wilbraham, the sister of the Countess
of Crawford, the Prince a first cousin of the British
Ambassador at Washington, Sir Ronald Lindsay.

“Prince Caetani graduated from the Columbia
School of Mines some thirty years ago, and com¬
ing West, he worked in various capacities in mines
in Colorado, California, and Idaho, proving him¬
self an exceptionally able mining engineer. When
Italy entered the War in 1915, he returned home.

May, 1935

Employes’ Magazine

181

serving with extraordinary distinction. As the cap¬
tain of an engineering detachment, he drove a drift
300 feet in length under an Austrian fort in the
Dolomite mountain region on the Italian front. On
April 17, 1916, he exploded five tons of gelatin
and nitroglycerine under the Austrian forces, who
were engaged in countermining the Italian com¬
mand, this affair known as the Col di Lana engage¬
ment, one of the most notable engineering activi¬
ties conducted during the Great War.

".After the War. Prince Caetani undertook the
exploration of Italy for oil, later planning the
drainage of the Pontine marshes, which represented
a problem dating back to the days of early Roman
Empire, these marshes successfully drained and
now contributing to the food supply of Italy. In
1921, he was appointed Ambassador to the United
States, rendering distinguished service in that ca¬
pacity. dring on October 23, 1934, in his fifty-
seventh year. I have referred to Prince Caetani
somewhat at length as representing a man of dis¬
tinguished blood and background, endowed with
all of the advantages of wealth, but whose abound¬
ing genius found its outlet in service. All Ameri¬
cans. whether of Italian or other parentage, will
find in the career of Prince Caetani a record worthy
of emulation.

"Then Italy had another son who won acclaim
in the orld War. I refer to Gabriel d’.Ajrnunzio,
who learned to be a combat aviator after fifty
years of age. Nearly a year after the .\rmistice was
signed, d’Annunzio gathered together a body of
legionnaires, descending upon and seizing the city
of Fiume with its 50,000 population, a seaport on
the Adriatic.

“Fiume as a city had seen many conquerors,
shifting from one government to another since the
days of Charlemagne. When the Fascist movement
got under way. d’Annunzio, who was by nature an
impulsive romanticist and a poet, thought he would
place Fiume among the list of Italian seaports and
cities once and for all. It was not until January 27,
1924. that the old city was definitely ceded to
Italy. Italy took an important part in the Great
\I'ar. suffering 600.'?“^ deaths, with 1.000.000
wounded, out of a population of 36.000.000.

“On the occasion of the presentation of the col¬
ors to the Canadian Legion last year. I suggested
that the good British custom of bringing the flags
to some church for blessing might well be given
consideration. This was done, and I know out of
the simple and beautiful service, all of the people
of Rock Springs and vicinity, young and old. came
to a better conception of what their country’s flag
really stands for. I am sure that the boys of the
Italian Legion will wish to have their colors sim¬
ilarly blessed by their clergyman, and, if this is
done. I am sure that further advantages, morally
and spiritually, will accrue not alone to the mem¬
bers of the Post, but to the people of the com¬
munities in which they live.”

At the close of his speech, Mr. McAuliffe made
the very valuable suggestion that, inasmuch as this

is the only post in the United States, its formation
might be instrumental in making this a National
organization.

Mr. Maurice Ferrero made a splendid address
of acceptance, as follows:

“Mr. Chairman, Comrades, Ladies and Gentle-

“During the many months of my service in the
Italian Army I learned quite a number of things,
but my superiors never instructed me in the art of
public speaking. Therefore, I am here today not to
make a speech, but to express with utmost sincerity
the feelings of pride, emotion and gratitude that
fill the hearts of my comrades and myself of the
Italian World War Veteran Association.

“The main purpose in forming this group was
to bring together those among the Rock Springs
residents of Italian descent who had served under
the Italian flag in the Great War, and cultivate a
spirit of friendship and collaboration with the
members of The American Legion and Veterans of
Foreign Wars, these two wonderful organizations

Members of Italian Legion as they appeared on
Armistice Day. 1934. in front of the Soldier s
Monument. Banning Park.

Left to Right: Top row: Pete Tagnani, Winton;
George Debernardi, Blairtown; Angelo Cordero,
Rock Springs; Mike Magnetti, Rock Springs;
Thomas Colletti, Rock Springs; Angelo Turcato,
Rock Springs. Second row: Martin Furno, Rock
Springs; Americo Onisto, Rock Springs; Oreste
Frazzini, Rock Springs; Oreste Shiamanna, Rock
Springs; Francisco Antoniette, secretary-treasurer.
Rock Springs; Adelino Raimondo, Winton. Front
row: Maurizio Ferrero, commander, Rock Springs;
Tony Ferdani, president. Rock Springs; John Oliva,
vice-president, Rock Springs.

182

Employes’ Magazine

May, 1935

that embrace the valiant sons of America who an¬
swered her call and were such a deciding factor in
the final victory.

“Since we came to America, we Italian veterans
have loyally and heartily sworn allegiance to our
country of adoption and are proud to be num¬
bered among its citizens; we felt, however, that it
was our right, almost our duty, to keep alive the
flame that '-warmed our hearts while, on one of
the most difficult fronts of the World War—Asiago
and.Gorizia, Monte Grappa and Col di Lana, Isonzo
e Piave—we were contributing to the great victory
that on the 4th day of November, 1918, completed
the unification of Italy and witnessed our part in
the end of the World War.

“Those great and exalting memories will remain
with us as long as we live; we feel that we are
better men and, therefore, better citizens also of
this country owing to the experiences gained in
those years of hardship and sacrifice in the service
of a great cause.

“The two flags that are donated to us by The
Union Pacific Coal Company truly represent our
affection for the country that gave us birth and
our unswerving loyalty to this great land of free¬
dom.

“We express our deep and sincere gratitude to
the officials of The Union Pacific Coal Company
and especially to the President, Mr. McAuliffe,
for their generosity and the sympathetic interest
they have taken in our organization; we salute our
comrades, and with hearts full of joy that words
cannot express, we sav: ^I^A L'.\MERIC.\!
VIVA L’lTALIAP’

The Toastmaster called on Mr. Cecil Haines. Mr.
Frank Contratto, Mr. John Walker. ^Irs. Ben Butler,
and Mrs. John Vicars, who all paid splendid tribute
to the Italian Legion, extended words of greeting,
and promised to do everything possible to work
whole-heartedly with the Italian Legion.

In token of the appreciation of the Italian Le¬
gion, Mr. McAuliffe was presented with a book.
“Italians in America”; he, in accepting, stating
that he was a great lover of books, and would read
with a great deal of pleasure the token of ap¬
preciation which had been handed him on behalf
of the Legion.

Dr. Chambers gave an excellent talk, compli¬
menting the Legionnaires on their splendid histori¬
cal background, stating that they stood out pre¬
eminently in the field of the Arts. He complimented
the Legion on the splendid work they had done in
the short time they have been organized, and talked
very flatteringly of the history and achievements
of the Italian people.

Count Lui'gi di San Marzano, Royal Italian Con¬
sul for this district, was one of the principal speak¬
ers, and gave a most excellent address. The Count
is a fluent talker, has a fine personality, and en¬
deared himself to the entire assembly by the very
fine address he gave, and, talking in English, he
stated that the Italian and American nations had

always been most friendly, that their aims and
purposes are very similar, although the Italian
nation’s history dated back many centuries and the
American nation’s history was comparatively re¬
cent. He asked that the members of the Legion, by
their conduct, be particularly true to the American
Flag, and justify their American citizenship. And
dramatically he walked to a point across the table
from where the Italian Legion members were sit¬
ting, and, talking vehemently, he gave a most in¬
spiring address to the Legion in the native Italian
tongue.

During the ceremonies, all stood at attention
while Rev. Welsh blessed the flags.

At the close of the exercises, the flags were re¬
tired by the Italian Legion, the entire company and
the orchestra joining in the ceremonies.

After the conclusion of the program, dancing
was enjoyed until midnight.

The ladies of the South Side Sodality served a
most appetizing meal, and were congratulated by
the speakers, not only on their culinary skill, but
for the splendid manner in which the dinner was
handled, as the Toastmaster expressed it, “piping
hot.”

The Legionnaires and their friends are to be
congratulated on the splendid program that they
put on. In connection with the meeting, the ceremo¬
nies were most inspiring, the arrangements for the
party excellently made and splendidly carried out.
At the conclusion, everyone was loud in praises of
the Italian people, and the splendid manner in
which the entire program was rendered. The pro¬
gram follows:

Orchestra Selections—Guests being seated during
this period.

Address of Welcome and purpose of gathering
by Toastmaster \. J. Facinelli.

Orchestra Selections.Sartoris Orchestra

“Star Spangled Banner”, “Marchie Reale”,
“L’Union di Fascisti”.

(During this period flags were escorted to
dais by entire Italian Legion, who implaced,
stood at attention and saluted.)

Prayer and Thanksgiving.Fr. S. A. Welsh

(At conclusion of Prayer, Legion, with excep¬
tion of Guard of Honor, retired.)

Presentation of Flags.Eugene McAuliffe

On behalf of The U. P. Coal Company
Acceptance and acknowledgment of Flags on

behalf of Italian Legion.

.Maurice Ferrero, Commandante

(At conclusion of this address Guard of Honor
retired to banquet seats.)

Orchestra Selections.

.Sartoris School Music Orchestra

(Dinner served during rendition)

Toastmaster.V. J. Facinelli

W. A. Muir.Mayor, City of Rock Springs

Cecil Haines.Commander American Legion

Archie Hay Post

May, 1935

Employes’ Magazine

183

Frank Contralto.

. .Commander Veterans Foreign Wars Local Post

John Walker.Commander Canadian Legion

Local Post

Solo.Mrs. Richard Bertagnolli

Mrs. Ben. Butler.

.... Commander Ladies Aux. American Legion

Mrs. John Vicars ...

.Commander Ladies Aux. V. F. W.

Accordion Solo...John Corona

Presentation of “Italians in America”

as a token of esteem and appreciation on

behalf of Italian Legion.John Olivero

Instrumental Duet, “II Trovatore”, Trombone
and Cornet. . . .John Kovach and Dr. D. Joslin

Address.Count L. Di San Marzano,

Royal Italian Consul

Address.Sig. F. Anselmo

Italian Vice Consul for Wyoming and Utah

Instrumental Duet, Harmonica and Violin.

.Oresti and Ferdoni

Remarks.Hon. J. W. Hay

Remarks.Dr. Oliver Chambers

Solo.George DeBemardi

Duet. "Marianianna’’.Allais and Sartoretto

Retiring Flags.Italian Legion

Giovanessa.Entire Company and Orchestra

joined as Legion completed flag salute
and marched with same to ante-room

Kitching-Crawford Wedding, Hanna

Brief mention was made in the “Office Broom”
column of the recent marriage of James Kitching,

Part of the guests who attended the wedding re¬
ception of Mr. and Mrs. Jas. Kitching at the home
of Mr. and Mrs, J. H. Crawford, parents of the
bride.

(Winton) and Muriel Crawford (Hanna) since
which time a more detailed report and group pic¬
ture has come to hand.

The bride wore nile green crepe and entered
the Methodist Church with her father to the strains
of the Lohengrin march played by Mrs. 0. C.
Buehler and Doris Sherratt. She was preceded by
her sisters. Miss Edith Crawford, bridesmaid, and
Mrs. Denton, matron of honor, who also wore
green. They were met at the altar by the groom
and his best man, George Herd. The ring cere¬
mony was read by Rev. A. D. Wilson and the bride
was given in marriage by her father. The young
couple will make their home in Rock Springs, the
groom being employed by The Union Pacific Coal
Company at Winton.

A reception was held at the home of the bride’s
parents following the wedding. Left to right: Miss
Edith Crawford, bridesmaid and Mrs. L. M. Den--
ton, matron of honor (sisters of the bride) ; Mrs.
Kitching and Mr. Kitching, contracting parties;
and George Herd. Winton. best man.

Vegetable Plots

(Continued from page 179)
ever, must not under any circumstances keep the
sun from the vegetables.

The size of the plot to be used for vegetables to
a large degree determines the varieties which are
grown. If the space is limited, room cannot be
spared for the greedy fellows that usurp too much
ground, as green corn does, for example, or that
grow, like green peas, in too leisurely a manner
and produce but one crop.

Certain vegetables have been proved most satis¬
factory for the very small plot, and the prospective
gardener may choose his favorites from the follow¬
ing list without fear of wasting space;

Among the hardy vegetables for the small garden,
to be planted as soon as the ground can be worked
—at cherry-blossom time—are beets, carrots, celery,
lettuce, onions, parsley, radishes, spinach, swiss
chard and turnips.

Tender varieties for similar use—which must
not be planted until apple-blossom time—are beans,
green and wax bush sorts, and bush and pole limas,
cucumbers, egg plants, peppers, busb squash and
tomatoes.

Memorial Day, May 30th

This day in thousands of cemeteries throughout
our fair land small flags may be seen fluttering
above graves of veterans to mark those who
served their country in war. Floral tributes are
also heaped above their final resting places as mute
evidence that they are still remembered by those
surviving. All honor to their memories.

Many are interred in other lands, and they, too,
are not forgotten upon this memorable occasion.

184

Employes’ Magazine

May, 1935

Engineering Department

The Stone Age ••

Data collected by C. E. SwANN
ARTICLE NO. 13 OF A SERIES ON GEOLOGY

S TONE Age, or Age of Stone, is a term used in
archteology to denote the condition of a people
using stones as the material for cutting tools and
weapons which, in a higher condition of culture,
were made of metals. The expression “age” when
used in this connection is not, therefore, significant
of a fixed period in chronology, but implies merely
the time, longer or shorter, earlier or later, during
which the condition subsisted. The duration of such
a condition must necessarily have varied from vari¬
ous causes in different areas, and chiefly in conse¬
quence of contact with higher degrees of culture.
Populations placed in remote situations, and on that
account remaining uninfluenced by such contact—
like the islanders of the South Pacific and the Es¬
kimos of the extreme North, for instance—have
remained in their stone age to the 20th Century.
On the other hand, the populations of the European
area, in portions of which there were successive
centers of high culture and civilization from a very
early period, had all emerged from their stone age,
through the use of bronze, many centuries before
the Christian era. The progress of early culture in
Europe seems to have been from the South and East
to the North and West, so that the emergence of
the different populations from their age of stone was
accomplished much earlier in Southern and Eastern
Europe than in the North and West. But, while the
stone age of different areas is thus not necessarily
synchronous, it seems to be true of all European
areas that this is the earliest condition in which
man has appeared upon them.

There are no data by which the period of the
early stone-using populations of Europe can be
defined, even approximately. But in England, Bel¬
gium, and France, and across the Continent to the
shores of the Mediterranean, they were contempo¬
rary with animals which are now either wholly or
locally extinct, such as the mammoth, wooly rhi¬
noceros, cave lion, cave bear, and hyena, the rein¬
deer, musk ox and urus. It is an open question to
what extent this change of fauna implies a change of
climate, but from the geological conditions in
which the flint implements of the earliest types are
found it is evident that, though extensive changes
must have taken place since they were deposited in
the river basins, they belong exclusively to the later
deposits of the Quaternary period.

The stone age implements of Europe have been
•Information Colliers New Encyclopedia.

divided into two classes—the palaeolithic or older
stone implements and the neolithic or newer stone
implements. This is equivalent to dividing the stone
age of Europe into two periods, earlier and later,
as the palaeolithic implements are found associated
with the extinct and locally extinct fauna, while
the neolithic i m p lem ents are found associated with
the existing fauna. The palaeolithic stone imple¬
ments are distinguished as a class from the neolith¬
ic by their grealer rudeness of form, and by the
fact that they are exclusively of flint and have been
manufactured by chipping only. The neolithic stone
implements on the other hand are of finer forms,
often highly polishedL and made of many* varieties
of stone besides Sat.

The palaeolithic implements of flint are mostly
so rude that it is impotssihle to apply to them names
indicative of specif use. Those from the river
gravels are chkilT Idbes. trimmed and untrimmed,
for cutting and scnpmg: pointed implements, some
almond-shaped or m^m hi] i d and more obtuse¬
ly pointed implemeafts wiA roondcd and often un¬
dressed butts. There is also a series of scraper-like
implements, and aamArr of oral sharp-rimmed im¬
plements. which are more carefully finished than
most of the other lariettes. The flint implements
from the caves present a grealer variety of form.
They are gene^W characterized by secondary
working, and are. Aetefore. much more carefully
finished often in many respects approaching closely
to neolithic lypcs.

From the cave^ also came a series of implements
of bone and of carvings on bone which have ex¬
cited much astonishment on account of the extra-
ordinaiv contrast between their artistic character
and the extreme rudeness of many of the imple¬
ments of stone with which they are associated. These
bone implements consist of well-made needles,
borers, javelin or harpoon points barbed on one or
both sides, and implements of reindeer horn of un¬
known use. which are usually carved in relief or
ornamented w ith incised representations of animals,
and occasionally of human figures. The animals, as
for instance, a group of reindeer from the cave of
La Madelaine. Dordogne, are drawm with wonder¬
ful faithfulness, freedom, and spirit.

The neolithic stone implements consist of axes
and axe hammers, knives, daggers, spear and arrow
heads, saws, chisels, borers, and scrapers. The axes
and axe hammers are made of many varieties of
stone besides flint. Some of the finer polished axes
are of jade and fibrolite. Most of the other imple¬
ments were made only of flint and generally fin¬
ished by chipping, without being ground or pol¬
ished. Some of the long Danish knives and daggers

May, 1935

Employes’ Magazine

185

are marvels of dexterous workmanship, on account
of the thinness of the blade and the straightness and
keenness of the edge.

The burial customs of the stone age included both
inhumation and cremation; the former being how¬
ever, the earlier method. No burials of the river
drift period have yet been discovered. The cave
dwellers of the stone age buried their dead in cav¬
ities of the rocks. From a comparison of the remains
from such cave cemeteries in different localities, it
has been concluded that even at this early period
Europe was already occupied by more than one
race of men. The populations of the neolithic time
deposited their dead, with or without previous cre¬
mation, in or on the floors of the chambers of dol¬
mens. or great-chambered cairns. The sepulchral
pottery accompanying these burials, in Britain at
least, is generally of a hard-baked, dark-colored
paste, and the ornamentation entirely composed of
straight lines placed at various angles to each other.
The implements found with these interments are
mostly of the commoner kind, such as flint knives,
scrapers, or strikelights (used with a nodule of
pyrites of iron), arrowheads, and more rarely axes
and axe hammers of flint or polished stone. The neo¬
lithic inhabitants of North and Central Europe were
not merely nomadic tribes subsisting on the prod¬
ucts of the chase: they practiced agriculture, and
possessed the common domestic animals we now
possess. The presence in the refuse heaps of their
sea coast settlements of the remains of deep-sea
fishes shows that they must have possessed boats
and fishing lines, as was also the case with the stone
age inhabitants of the lake dwellings. The estimates
that have been made of the antiquity of the stone
age in Europe are necessarily various, but it has
been considered that the close of the neolithic peri¬
od. or the time when the use of stone began to be

Pa lae-ol iihi c.

Ng^oli thi c

superseded by that of bronze in North Europe, can¬
not have been much later than from 1000 to
1500 B. C.

(Article No. 14—Coals of Cretaceous Age in the
Kemmerer-Cumberland District of Western Wyom¬
ing.)

Some Old Pumping and Winding
Engines in British Mines

T he Colliery Guardian, a journal of the coal
and iron trades, published in London, England,
in its issue of February 15, 1935, presents a very
informative history of the development of pump¬
ing and hoisting engines in British mines as written
by Mr. H. F. B. Aumonier.

Confident that our readers will be interested in
Mr. Aumonier’s paper, we are taking the liberty
of reproducing same herewith.

“Thomas Savery, who was born at Shilston, E}e-
von, about 1650, appears to have been the first to
install an engine for use at a mine. There was' at
this time a great difficulty in keeping mines—par¬
ticularly the deeper Cornish mines—^free from wa¬
ter. Savery noted this, and in 1698 he exhibited
and patented what he described as a ‘fire engine.’
'R'ith the intention of making his invention known
in the mining areas he produced a pamphlet en¬
titled ‘The Miner’s Friend: or a description of an
engine to raise water by fire described and the
manner of fixing it in Mines . . . .’ Draining mines
at this time was effected by the simple method of
hauling the water up in buckets. At one mine it
was stated that 500 horses were employed ‘using
horse gins for this purpose.’

“Savery’s engine was installed at a number of
mines. The first was erected at Huel Vor, a few
miles from Helston, but apparently with not much
measure of success. Where used in mines they were
necessarily placed within 30 feet or less of the
lowest level and were exposed to the danger of sub¬
mergence when by any accident the water rose
above this level. In this case the mine was ‘drowned’
and another engine had to be procured to pump
it out. Furthermore, it was necessary to have a sep¬
arate engine at every 60 to 80 feet. Moreover, the
fuel consumption of these engines was very great,
and in addition boilers were frequently bursting.

"Thomas Newcomen of Dartmouth appears to be
the next comer; with him was associated John Cal-
ley. a glazier of Dartmouth. His engine appears to
have been a combination of Worcester’s, Savery’s
and Papin’s. Denys Papin was born at Blois, France,
and no doubt would have risen to great eminence
but for his being a Protestant. He took his de¬
grees of M.D. and F.R.S., and in 1681 came to this
country. France’s loss was England’s gain. Without
his inventions, chief , of which were the safety valve
and the two-way cock, it is doubtful if Newcomen’s
and Galley’s and Smeaton’s engines would have
advanced much from Savery’s. Newcomen’s engines

186

Employes’ Magazine

May, 1935

were installed at a number of mines with reason¬
able success until the depth of the mines increased
as time went on. The first appears to have been
erected at a Mr. Back’s colliery near Wolverhamp¬
ton in 1712. The ironwork, pump valves, clacks
and buckets were made at Birmingham, removed
and fitted up at the mine. The next two engines
erected by Newcomen—in conjunction with his
partner, Galley—were in the neighborhood of New-
castle-on-Tyne and their fourth at Ansthorpe, near
Leeds. Cornwall next claimed their attention and
in 1720 they erected an engine at W’heal Fortune
tin mine in the parish of Ludgvan near Penzance.
Here Newcomen’s engine was very successful, and
William Lemon, the owner of the mine, worked it
profitably and after realizing a good sum from
the venture began working the great Gwennap mine
on a scale hitherto unknown in Cornwall. The
Wheal Fortune engine had a cylinder 47 inches in
diameter, made 15 strokes per minute and pumped
a hogshead of water each stroke from 30 fathoms.
Its greatest drawback appears to have been its coal
consumption (those at Wheal Rose and Wheal Busy
used 13 tons per day—a serious factor in Cornwall
where coals were very expensive) and the bursting
of boilers from time to time.

“Newcomen’s engines, however, could not cope
with the situation as the mines in Cornwall grew
deeper, and the mine owners there were baffled un¬
til the advent of Watt and Boulton. Watt’s engine
was already at work in several places, and inquiries
by the Cornish mine owners at Soho, Bow. etc.,
appear to have satisfied them, with the result that
several orders were placed with Boulton and att.
The two first engines were for the 'W heal Busy
mine near Chacewater and the Ting Tang mine at
Redruth in 1776. Success was instantaneous. .\t
Chacewater we learn the engine ' "forked” more
water from the mine than ever before at a con¬
sumption of only one-third the coal previously
used.’ Watt states, ‘The Chacewater engine made
14 strokes of 9 ft. per min., burning 128 bushels
of coal in 24 hours.’ Two Newcomen engines work¬
ing day and night had failed to clear the water
from the mine. Watt’s engine completely mastered
the trouble and Wheal Busy was saved.

“Until about 1780, when the invention of the
sun and planet and parallel motions and the use
of the crank which imparted rotary movements, en¬
gines were only used in mines for pumping. From
1798 to 1801, engines were erected in various parts
of the country. Available data of these is meagre,
but they appear to have been primitive, and here
also relied on the vacuum to do most of the work.
An early record states that ‘The Bryncoch pit,
sunk for the Quakers by William Kirkhouse, en¬
gineer and canal constructor, sometime after 1806,
was said to be the first deep pit (200 yd.) in the
country.’ This statement, of course, only refers to
Wales.

“An interesting aside is the wages prevailing in
those times. Records state that carpenters received

27s. to 36s. per month, smiths 30s. to 35s., engine-
men 10s. to 12s.. and miners 16s. to 21s.

\^'lNDING

“The earliest methods of winding appear to have
been: The hand windlass or ‘Tacle’; the whip or
whipsedary; the horse whim, wim or gin as it w^as
variously called in different parts of the country.
Buckets—sometimes called ‘Bowks’ or ‘Kibbles’
(Cornish)—were the means employed for raising
mineral waste, etc. .\pparently some shafts were
not entirely vertical and men had to step out of
the ‘Bowk’ on to a ledge in the shaft, push the
bucket clear, when the journey was continued. On
the surface the Whims' resembled a large capstan.
A horse was harnessed to a pole projecting there¬
from—in the manner of the old cider presses, etc.
—and circulating round and round wound the rope
around the barrel or drum of the capstan, the rope
being suspended over the shaft (on grooved wheels)
to the buckets. ‘.

“Steam winders came into being about 1780.
There were, of course, engines used for pumping
prior to this date, and experiments in steam wind¬
ing seem to have been made. A Newcomen engine
in conjunction with a waterwheeel was applied by
Smeaton ‘for working coal mines’ and had been
tried by Oxley at Seaton Delaval before 1770, but
prior to the introduction of the crank in about
1780 it seems safe to say there was no success with
steam engines for winding when the sun and planet
or crank motion gave rotative motion.

“In 1780 an 18 in. single acting engine was in
use at \S'heal Maid mine. In 1794 it was reported
this engine was applied to raising ore and con¬
tinued till 1795 when in September of that year
it was sold to a collieiy in Glamorganshire. Ac¬
cording to the 'Life of Trevithick,’ it was brought
back to Herland and afterwards moved to Dolcoath
mine. This engine had a sun and planet motion.
This and other early engines were of the vertical
beam tv"pe. and relied largely on the vacuum to do
the work. The cylinders were 16 in. to 22 in. di¬
ameter with a stroke of 3 to 4 ft. The atmospheric
engines were made to answer the same purpose as
the sun and planet engines by loading the beam or
the flyw'heel. A 14% in. double-acting engine in¬
stalled at Wheal Cran mine in 1784 was removed
to Chacewater mine for pumping purposes. In 1797
it was purchased by United mine and used for
winding.

“In about 1800 Trevithick erected a high-pres¬
sure engine at Cooks Kitchen mine. He is stated to
have erected in all 30 of these. At the outset these
early engines had vertical winding drums but after
a time the horizontal drum came into use.

“The engines gradually increased in size and
speed of winding and Mr. F. W. Michell, a well
known Cornish engineer, designed and erected a
large number with cylinders of 26 in. to 36 in.
diameter by 9 ft. stroke and equal beam. Some of
these were geared down, but his last—which is still

May, 1935

Employes’ Magazine

187

standing at East Pool mine—is direct coupled. This
engine has double beat drop valves and in addition
an expansion valve and slot link reversing gear.
The rope speed was up to about 800 ft. per min.,
but 1,000 ft. per min. had been reached. This en¬
gine was erected about 45 to 48 years ago. The
rope drums stand one on either side of the flywheel.
In early days either chains or hemp ropes were
used, the hemp rope having a flat section. That is
to say, a number of ropes were sewn together side
by side. The winding drums were narrow and the
rope wound on itself so that the diameter greatly
increased as the bucket ( ‘kibble’I came to the shaft
top.

“The oldest winding engine now remaining in
Cornwall was designed and erected by !VIr. Frank
Michell well over 100 years ago and was working
up to about 4 or 5 years ago. It stands at Levant
mine, St. Just, but is only used for winding ore
and waste. The men descended and ascended by
means of 30 ft. ladders. (This famous old mine
runs out under the sea for some distance and in
rough weather the men in the workings can hear
the roar of the shingle on the roof. This is due to
an echo or to the sound being carried via the
shafts.)

“The man engine came into use in about 1840,
there being examples erected at Tresavean, United
Mines, Tincroft. Cam Brea. Dolcoath and Levant
mines. Sometimes the rods (wooden ‘beams’) were
worked vertically and at others they were inclined.
The rod was worked by a vertical beam engine
similar to a winding engine, the speed of the engine
being reduced to about 6 revolutions per minute by
gearing; the engine running from 3 to 4 times
as fast.

"Tn the shaft there were generally two sets of
fixed platforms in addition to the moving ones on
the rod. so that one set of men were being sent
down the shaft whilst another set came up. There
was one man only on each platform and with the
rod working at 6 strokes per minute, six men left
the shaft top per minute and six others were de¬
livered at the top from below. The men faced the
rod and stepped sideways holding on to a staple
or loop fixed to the rod.

“At the Tresavean mine two rods situated side
by side were used with moving platforms on both,
there being no fixed platforms. This method quickly
went out of fashion. The men travelled at twice the
speed of the other method, in other words they
were in motion the whole time, but all the old-shift
men had to be raised before the sending down of
the new shift was started. The single rod type raised
men at Dolcoath from about 2,124 ft. and at Cook’s
Kitchen mine from about 1,600 ft. The last man-
engine ceased working in about 1919-1920 at Lev¬
ant mine following a bad accident and considerable
loss of life.

“Another type of engine for mining work, was
the (water) balance engine. This, however, appar¬
ently did not find much favour—as far as the au¬

thor can ascertain. Probably the greatest factor
was the necessity of a good and cheap water supply.

“Very few, if any, of these old balance engines
are now standing. Until a few months ago, one such
—complete with the headgear—was still standing
at the old Nantllesg mine of the Rhymney Iron
Co., Ltd., Rhymney. It is now dismantled and taken
to the Welsh National Museum where it will be
re-erected and placed on view.

“At Wheal Duller mine, Cornwall, there was yet
another variation in the shape of the shaft. This
was vertical for some distance, then inclined and
reverting to vertical for the remainder of the dis¬
tance. The cage had wheels at the back to effect
the inclined portion of the shaft. The mine is now
closed.

“The old Neath Abbey Ironworks appear to have
made a number of engines, pumps and boilers.
These works appear to have been started just prior
to 1800 by the Fox family and others who came
from Cornwall. Mr. S. Michell attributes the origin
of the works to one Peter Price in 1739, but no
lease of the site of these works is recorded until
Richard Parsons ‘demised’ the property to ‘The
Foxes and their friends.’ There is a minute of the
meeting of the Neath Abbey Iron Co. at Perrans
Wharf (? Perranporth) on August 23, 1796. Those
present were G. C. Fox, George Fox, Peter Price,
Samuel Tregelles and John Gould. There is not
much doubt as to this being the start. The works
continued under the Quaker ownership until 1874
when they closed down. They restarted in 1875
and continued till 1885-6. Tradition does not state
how many men were raised at a wind by these old
engines, but an early record (1801) speaks of a
‘fire’ engine capable of raising ‘baskets, 20 in the
wey fathoms in a minute and a half.’ (A ‘wey’ of
coal equalled 5y2 tons; therefore, each basket car¬
ried 5% cwt.)

“There is still an old beam winding engine in
use at the B. and B. G. Collieries, Ltd., Broadoak
Colliery at Loughor also an old (Cornish type)
beam pump. The winder in its inception was a
single cylinder engine—the present right-hand cyl¬
inder engine—and the valve was hand operated.
On the beam is the date 1839 and the makers name,
‘Varteg Iron Works.’

“This probably refers only to the beam itself.
There is no record, apparently, of an engine works
at Varteg about that time, but no doubt an iron
furnace existed. IVIoreover, about that period it was
usual for the cylinders, etc., to be made at one
place; the beams, etc., at another, the parts col¬
lected together on site and the engine erected by
an engineer on contract. There are numerous rec¬
ords of such practice. The left-hand cylinder came
from Cwmbach Colliery, Cockett, and was put to
work in conjunction with the ‘Varteg’ engine by
the late Mr. Benjamin Hughes, of the Foundry,
Loughor, about 1892 or 1893. The right-hand cylin¬
der has worked at Broadoak for over 70 years.

“The following is a description of the engine:

188 Employes’ Magazine May, 1935

Vertical double acting beam winding engine direct
coupled to a 12 ft. diameter drum (original drum
was 8 ft. diameter) ; valve motion ordinary to
slide valve actuated by rocking shaft from eccen¬
trics on drum shaft. Valves travel 4 in.; steam pres¬
sure 55/56 lb. per sq. in. Winding speed on drum
1,200 ft. per min. Right side of engine: Diameter
of cylinder 23 in.; length of stroke 6 ft.; sweep
on connecting rod 17 ft. long c/c; beam centres
20 ft. Left side of engine: Diameter of cylinder
22 in.; length of stroke 5 ft.; sweep and connecting
rod 16 ft. 6 in. long c/c; beam centres 20 ft;
depth of wind 200 yd. This engine is, so far as the
writer can ascertain, the only beam engine used in
Great Britain for winding—i.e., raising men and
mineral.

“The pump at this colliery ‘has cylinder 36 in.
bore; stroke 6 ft. 2 in.; ram 16 in. diameter; raises
65 gal. of water per stroke. This pump, of course,
has no crank being the old cycle engine (Watt
type).’ This pump, I believe, came from Bryncoch
Colliery and old records state this pit was
“drowned” at 11 a. m. on April 6, 1859, with con¬
siderable loss of life. The cause of the drowning
is not stated and there is no reason to assume it
was due to failure of the pump. A number of Watt
type beam engines (stroke engines, i.e., having no
crank) are still in use in Cornwall.

“The fact that a number of these old engines
are functioning after about a century and a half’s
work is a tribute to the material and workmanship
of the old engineers. One wonders if the present
day electric pumps and winders will be capable of
giving efficient service after 150 years of continu¬
ous use.”

Annual Meeting Rocky Mountain
Coal Mining Institute

HE Rocky Mountain Coal Mining Institute held

its annual session at Denver on March 18, 19
and 20, with a registration of over one hundred
members.

Included amongst the many fine papers read
during the three days meet were those offered by
Mr. Charles E. Swann (read by Mr. James L. Lib¬
by), “Benefits of Time Studies in Planning Work
for Mechanical Loaders”; “Benefits derived from
Systematic Timbering in Coal Mines,” by George
A. Brown, Mine Superintendent, Superior, (read
by Mr. V. O. Murray) and “Benefits Accruing
from the Wearing of Goggles by Underground and
Surface Employes at Properties of The Union Pa¬
cific Coal Company,” by Mr. V. 0. Murray, Safety
Engineer.

Among those attending were Messrs. 1. N. Bay¬
less, V. 0. Murray, J. L. Libby, D. C. Foote, T. H.
Butler, A. T. Henkell, D. T. Faddis, James Law,
Charles Gregory, M. A. Hanson, J. H. Lemoine, J.
R. Cummings.

Officers elected for the ensuing year were:

President, Gilbert C. Davis, Dawson, N. M.

Vice President (Colorado), David Allen, State
Coal Mine Inspector.

Vice President (Vyoming), James L. Libby,
Rock Springs.

Vice President i Utah i. L. E. Brown, Salt Lake
City.

Vice President iN. M. •. J. R. Barber, Raton.

Two members frooi oar State were named on the
Executive Board. Joka Matkovich. of Quealy, and
Val Cassidy. Gebo.

The visitors report that the papers were meaty,
interesting and ioitroctive. the various classes of
entertainment pot on were snappy and enjoyable,
and all had a ihawiighly good time.

The Coosenage of Colliers

HROUGH the kaodoeas of an old friend, we were

privileged soMtiMF ago to examine a copy of
a small pamphlet. riK original held in the library
of the Society of Aaii^aaTies. Newcastlfe* England.
The pamphlet was oai^Bally written by R. Greene,
Maister of .\rtsi. tnoilnw “printed by John Wolfe
for T. N. and are lo he sold over against the Great
South Doore of Paoles. 1591“. By Paules is meant
St. Paul’s CatbedraL Laewk-n.

The original paaqiUet. sow held in the New¬
castle library, deals with various offences referred

and “coosenage”. All of Ar oCences relate to cheat¬
ing with cards, using at liMes wooien for decoys,
and returning short weighlv . “oooeening” or “leger-
ing” covering deficie»c» ia weight or quality.

Our readers will be iainested in the two short
stories taken froa Ae paaphlet. which relate en¬
tirely to the gentle art of short-weighing to pur¬
chasers of coal. We have attempted to reproduce
the stories with all their original spelling, punctu¬
ation, and use of italics.

How a Cookes wife in London did lately seme
a Collier for his cosenage.

K 'T chanced this summer that a loade
I of coles came forth of Kent to Bil-
I ingsgate, and a leger bought them,

I who thinking to deceiue the Citi-
I zens. as he did those in the Sub¬
urbs. furnisht himself with a cou¬
ple of sacks, and comes vp S. Mary hill to sel
them: a cookes wife bargaind with the collier
for his coles, and they agreed vpon fourteen
pence for the couple: which done, he caried
in the coles, and shot them: and when the wife
saw them, and perceiuing there was scarce hue
bushels for eight, she cals a little girle to her,
and bade her go for the Constable: for thou’
coosening rogue, quoth shee, (speaking to the
collier i I will teach thee how thou shall cosen
me with thy false sacks, whatsoeuer thou doest
to others, and I will haue thee before my L.
Mayor, with that she caught a spit in her

May, 1935

Employes’ Magazine

189

hand, and swore if he offered to stir, shee
would therewith broach him: at which worde
the collier was amazed, and the feare of the
pillerie put him in such a fright, that he said
he would goe to his bote, and returne againe
to answere whatsouer shee durst obiect against
him, & for pledge therof (quoth the collier)
keep my sacks, your mony, and the coles also.
^ hereupon the woman let him go: but as soon
as the collier was out of dores, it was needlesse
to bid him run. for down he gets to his bote,
& awav he thrusts from Billinsgate, and so im-
mediatly went down to Wapping, and neuer
after durst returne to the Cookes wife to de-
maund either mony, sacks, or coales.

How a flax wife and her neighbors vsed a
coosening Collier.

)W Gentlemen by your leaue, and
heare a mery iest: There was in
the Suburbs of London, a Flax-
wife, that wanted coles, and seeing
a leger come by with a couple of
sacks, that had before deceiued
her in like sorte, cheped, bargaind and bought
them, and so went in with her to shoot them
in her colehouse. As soone as she saw her
coles, she easilie gest there was scarce six
bushelles, yet dissembling the matter, she paid
him for them, & bad him bring her two sacks
more: the collier went his way, and in the
meane time the flax-wife measured the coles,
and there was just flue bushels and a peck.
Hereupon she cald in her neighbors, being a
companie of women that before time had also
been pincht in their coles, and shewed them
the cosenage. & desired their aide to her in
tormenting the colliar, which they promist to
perform, and thus it fell out. Se conueyed
them into a back room (some xvi. of them)
euery one hauing a good cudgell vnder her
apron, straight comes the colliar and saith.
Mistres. here be your coles: welcome good
colliar. quoth she. I pray the follow me into
the backside- and shute them in another room.
The colliar was content- & went with hir. but
as soon as he was in. the good wife lockt the
dore, & the colliar seying such a troup of wines
in the room, was amaz’d, yet said. God speed
you all shrewes, welcome quoth one iolly
Dame, being appointed by them all to giue
sentence against him: who so soon as the col¬
liar had shot his sacks, said, sirra colliar. know
that we are here all assembled as a grand Jury,
to determine of thy villanies, for selling vs
false sacks of coles, and know that thou art
here indited vpon cosenage, therefore hold up
thy hand at the bar, and eyther say, guilty, or
not guilty, and by whom thou wilt be tryed,
for thou must receiue condign punishment for
the same ere thou depart. The colliar who
thought they had but iested, smiled & said.

Come on, which of you all shall be my ludge.
Marry sir, quoth one iolly dame, that is I, and
by God you knaue, you shall find I will pro¬
nounce sentence against you seuerely if you be
found guilty. When the Colliar saw they were
in earnest, he said, Come, come, open the dore
and let me go, with that five or six wiues
started vp and fell vpon the Colliar, and gaue
vnto him halfe a score of sound lambeakes
with their cudgels, and bad him speak more,
reuerently to their Principall.

The colliar feeling it smart, was afraid, and
thought mirth & curtesie would be the best
mean to make amendes for his villany, & ther-
fore said he would be tried by the verdict of
the smock. Vpon this they panneld a iury, and
the flax wife gaue euidence; and because this
vnaccustomed iury requir’d witnes, she meas¬
ured the coles before the colliers face, vppon
which he was found gilty, & she that sat as
principal to giue iudgement vpon him, began
as followeth.

Collier, thou art condemned here by proofej
of flat cosenage, and I am now appointed in
conscience to geue sentence against thee, being
not only moued thereunto because of this poor
woman, but also for the general commodity of
my country, and therefore this is my sentence:
we haue no pillery for thee, nor cart to whip
thee at, but here I do award that thou shall
have as many bastinados as thy bones wil
beare, and then to be turned out of dores with¬
out sacks or mony. This sentence being pro¬
nounced, she rose vp, and gaue no respit of
time for th’xecution, but according to the sen¬
tence before expressed, al the women fell vpon
him, beating him extremely, among whom he
lent some lusty buffets. But might ouercoms
right, and therfore Ne Hercules contra duos.
The women so crusht him, that he was not
able to lift his hands to his head, & so with
a broken pate or two, he was paid, and like
iack Drum, faire and orderly thrust out of
dores.

This was the reward that the Colliar had,
and I pray God all such colliars be so serued,
and that good wiues when they buy such sacks,
mav gieu them such payments, and that the
honorable and worshipfull of the land, may
look into this gros abuse of Colliars, aswell
for charih- sake, as also for the benefit of the
poor: and so wishing Colliars to amend their
deceitfull and disordred dealings herein, I end.

FINIS.

Slight Fox Pass

Johnny, wanting to stay away, thought it a good
plan to phone the headmaster. In a deep voice he
spoke into the phone: “Johnny is too ill to come
to school today.”

“Who is that speaking?” came the headmaster’s
voice.

“My father,” answered Johnny.

]90

Employes’ Magazine

May, 1935

” ” ” Ye Old Timers “ “ “

Who Are Our Old Timers?

T he roster of members of the Old Timers As¬
sociation totals 659 names, representing 31 dis¬
tinct nationalities. The membership list hy na¬
tionalities was first compiled in 1926, 354 Old
Timers enrolled, 24 additional names added in
1934, the membership by nationalities for 1926
and 1935 set forth helow: ^^25 ^935

Americans.123 213

Austrians . 17 57

Belgians....- 1
Canadians . . 2 3

Chinese. 20 1

Chinese (liv¬
ing abroad) •— 12

Croatians ... 5 11

Czechoslovak. 3 5

Dalmatians. .6 13

Denmark ... 2 3

English. 35 55

Finlanders . . 27 59

French. 1 2

Greek. — 17

Germans .... 2 11

Hungarians. . — 2

Irish. 3 6

Italians. 12 38

Japanese .... 4 12

Jugo-Slavs . . 1 16

Krainers .... 5 8

Mexicans ... 1 1

Polish. 5 5

Russian .... — 3

Serbs . 1 1

Servia. 1 1

Slavs . 31 42

Scots. 19 27

Swedes. 11 12

Tyroleans. 7

Rock Springs. 281

Hanna . 121

Reliance. 48

Superior . 113

Winton. 46

Living in China. 12

Tono. 17

Elsewhere . 21

TOTAL..

First Aid Field Day—June 21st
Old Timers Annual Reunion
June 22nd

I T WILL be of interest to the 659 mem¬
bers of the Old Timers Assodatioii as
well as Adult and Boy and Girl Scout First
Aid Contestants, to know that the dates bave
heen selected as shown at the head of this
paragraph.

The banquet will be the crowning es-ent
in the history of the organizatfcm and our
employe-members and their wives are urged
to hold off on their cousinly visits, fislung
trips, etc., until after the time mentioned.
We expect to be able to announce the name
of a speaker in our next issue.

The evening entertainment will be some¬
thing of an innovation, and, while its details
have not been concluded as yet, we promise
you a good time.

Welsh. 10

TOTAL.354 659

The major number of Old Timers live in Rock
Springs, Hanna, Superior, Reliance, and inton.
with 50 residing outside of Southern Wyoming, the
separation as between residential districts shown
below:

Figures giving the number of Old Timers resident
in each mining district are shown herewith, for
1935:

. 659

Nowhere,in the Unit¬
ed States,, or, for that
matter, any other coun¬
try. can be found a
greater diversity of
races, working in abso¬
lute harmony without
any evidence whatever
of racial or religious
prejudice, than exists on
the propertt" of The Un¬
ion Pacific Coal Compa¬
ny. The Old Timers As¬
sociation represents one
of the most remarkable
expressions of co-opera¬
tive democracy to be
found in any part of the
United States.

Mr. W. K. Lee, Former
Purchasing Agent,
Dies at Rock
Springs

It was a great shock
to his many friends, both
in the personnel of The
Union Pacific Coal Company and outside of the
organization, when it was known that Mr. Lee had
died at his home in Rock Springs on Tuesday,
March 26.

Mr. Lee had a wide acquaintanceship on account
of the many years he had resided in Rock Springs,
and the important positions he had held with The
Union Pacific Coal Company.

He was bom in New Orleans, Louisiana, Au¬
gust 22. 1858. He attended school in New York
City, and New Jersey. After graduating from
school, he ivas employed by the A. T. Stewart
store for several years, coming west in 1878, locat¬
ing at Baldwin, Colorado, in 1882, where he occu-

May, 1935

Employes’ Magazine

191

pied the position of eighman. In 1887 he moved
to Almy, Wyoming, where he was employed as
Outside Foreman and ^Material Clerk, remaining
there until 1889, when he came to Rock Springs,
and in 1890 he was appointed to the position of
Chief Clerk to Mr. George L. Black, then General
Superintendent.

In 1906. when the position of Purchasing Agent
was inaugurated. Mr. Lee moved to Cheyenne and
accepted that position. When the General Headquar¬
ters were transftiTed to Rock Springs in 1919, he
returned and continued to occupy the position of
Purchasing .\gent until his retirement on Febru¬
ary 1. 1933.

Mr. Lee occupied many positions of trust and
was greatly liked on account of his genial and cour¬
teous disposition, and many will regret to hear
of his passing. He was one of the early pioneers,
and helped greatly in the upbuilding of the West,
particularly Wyoming, which he loved so well. He
was Mayor of Rock Springs from 1896 to 1898,
and many improvements were put into effect dur¬
ing his administration. He was far-sighted and just
in all his business dealings.

Mr. Lee was a member of Rock Springs Lodge
No. 12. A. F. & A. M., and of Wyoming Consistory
No. 1. and was a Past Exalted Ruler of B. P. 0. E.
Lodge No. 624, of Rock Springs. He was a member
of the Old Timers
Association, and
was presented with
a 4 5-year gold
service button by
Mr. McAuliffe at
the Old Timers’
Celebration in
1925.

He was married
at Evanston, Wyo¬
ming, November
24. 1888, to Miss
Anne Ramsay,
daughter of the
late William Tay¬
lor Ramsay, who was. for many years, an efficient
and respected official of The Union Pacific Coal
Company. His wife predeceased him on May 5.
1930.

He leaves also to mourn his passing, three sons.
William, Norton, and James, of Rock Springs, and
two daughters, Mrs. Edward Gilmer, of East Point
Georgia, and Mrs. Ralph Hams, of Rock Springs.

The funeral was held at the Masonic Temple.
Rock Springs, and was largely attended, testifying
to the high esteem in which Mr. Lee was held in
this community. Rev. Swezy, of the Episcopal
Church, opened the services, thereafter Mr. John
L. Dykes, as Acting Master of Rock Springs Lodge
No. 12, A. F. & A. M., was in charge of the funeral
service, embracing the beautiful ritual of the Blue
Lodge Masons. Participating in the services at the

grave, also, were officers and members of the Be¬
nevolent Protective Order of Elks.

The entire Union Pacific Coal Company family
extend their heartfelt sympathy to the surviving
relatives in their bereavement.

August Gentilini and James Genetti

This snap-shot taken in June, 1934, August Gen¬
tilini (left) and James Genetti:

Mr. Gentilini is a native of Tyrol, Italy, and was
born May 7, 1869, naturalized at Green River in
1924. Is married man, one son and one daughter.
His entry into The Union Pacific Coal Company’s
circles was on August 18, 1905, under former Fore¬
man Dykes. Holds a Bureau of Mines First Aid
Certificate.

James Genetti was born October 8, 1869, at
Fonado, Tyrol, Italy. Has been employed by the
Railroad and Coal Companies for approximately
31 years, and started as a miner in April, 1891.
Owing to enfeebled health he was pensioned May
1, 1934. Owns his home in Rock Springs; has a
family of five grown children. While working for
the Railroad, his occupation was Car Repairer and
Track Repairman. From April, 1897 to October,
1902, he was employed on a ranch, and was laid up
through injuries at another period for nine or ten
months.

Early Social Activities at Hanna

In the early days of Hanna District, there came
into being "The Niule Skinner’s Association,” its
main object to furnish dances and entertainment
to the populace. Their offerings were, according to
Vic Gundy. Deputy State Game Warden, now a
resident of Rock Springs, “the events of the season,
classy and sprightly, full of pep, etc.” He also
remarked “and no one worked the following day.”
This picture portrays the members of the organiza¬
tion taken on March 17, 1904, St. Patrick’s Day
dance, being one of the big occasions.

Those in the group are, top row, left to right:

192

Employes’ Magazine

May, 1935

Matt Nelson, Rancher, Medicine Bow; Harry
Knowell, in Indiana; Robert Knox, Rock Springs;
Robert Cummings, Hanna; Phil Gardner, Denver;
Dennis Cummings, Hanna; Alex. Tennant, de¬
ceased; Thomas Nicholson, Laramie; Daniel Cril-
ley, in California; Roy Cummings, Hanna, and
Alex Greenwood, Hanna.

Bottom row, left to right: William Norris, Han¬
na; John Knox, deceased; William Jones, in Idaho;
Alex. Jacobs, in Colorado; Abel Porro, deceased;
Alf. McCourt, deceased; D. J. Evans, deceased;
Carl Erickson, Hanna; Vic. G. Cundy, Rock
Springs; W. W. Hughes, deceased; John Tennant,
Superior, Rock Springs Fuel Company.

Kneeling: John Cookson, deceased; E. R. Evans,
Hanna.

Yee Lift and Family

This is a group picture of Yee Litt and his family
taken in June last at the Old Timers Reunion. Mr.
Litt started in the service of the Company at Rock
Springs in 1896 under then Foreman David G.
Jones. He was born August 1, 1881, at San Fran¬

cisco, Califcmli H - :—r.t has not been

continuous as }■< -a- -"a : trips, to the land

of his forefather:- z i - time several

years, the other r .v'.- - 'V- 1^20 being of

seven months irvi —" — — - respectively.

Yee Lilt is the tr ' Ciiincse employe now

on our ]>ayr””-, r-tired and moved to their

native land r-e -r-' years, whereas there

were at .-.r= C—e - r-e thousand engaged in

the mines berf

G\\ :h r-LSH YOUNG

IMr. Yourr i-i.ay suddenly on the morn¬

ing of Aur;" ■ i' ■- residence. 801 Rhode Island
Avenue. Rr.-s: St "V He complained the previous
evening of r--: rV--’:-r in the best of condition. He
was bom at .port. Marydand, March 8, 1876,

and his fir-t in The Union Pacific Coal

Compan-i's ^ * was as a Miner here in 1896,

under ther F m David Elias. He was out of
our scr»ire j - ■ifneral occasions, one period of
four years ' ■= -^hSated as Road Supervisor. He
leaves t'- '-i' taking off a widow and sev¬

eral grc-r ---f and daughters. He belonged to the
Old Titr-:-' .Association and was also prominent
in Mas.-,-:- —rrles. The funeral service was held
Saturday. .\pnl 6. with interment in the local
cemetrr-..

GEORGE SHUGART

George Shugart. (colored) age 71, Pit Car Load¬
er in Rock Springs Mine No. 8, suffered a stroke
of apoplexy while at his work on March 21. Was
immediately taken out to the surface, removed in
an ambciance. but died before reaching the State
Hospital.

He was Erst given employment in July, 1920,
as a Loader, in "C’ Mine, Superior, and had been
in our service 141 o years continuously.

Funeral services were held at a local mortuary,
Rev. Hubert Webster olliciating, interment in Moun¬
tain View Cemetery on March 31.

May, 1935

Employes’ Magazine

19S

” ” Of Interest to Women “ “

Choice Recipes

One-Egg . Muffins and Variations

One-fourth cup shortening, 14 cup sugar, 1 egg,
2 cups flour. 1 cup milk, ^ teaspoon salt, 5 tea¬
spoons baking powder.

Cream the shortening and add the sugar gradu¬
ally. Add well beaten egg. Sift flour once before
measuring. Sift flour, salt and baking powder to¬
gether and add alternately with milk. Put in well
greased muffin tins, and bake in moderately hot
oven for 25 minutes.

Variations—For date muffins, use one cup dates,
stoned and chopped. Raisins, currants, figs or can¬
died orange peel may be substituted for the dates.
Fresh berries or well drained stewed fruit may also
be used. For cereal muffins, use one-half cup cooked
cereal.

Blueberry Muffins

Two cups flour, 2 teaspoons baking powder, 1
teaspoon salt, I/3 cup sugar, Yo cup blueberries, 2
eggs beaten together, 1/3 cup melted butter, 1 cup
milk.

Put the dry ingredients together and the liquids
together. Combine the two and bake in a moderate
oven for 15 minutes.

Pineapple and Rice Mold

One tablespoon gelatin, 1 cup orange juice, Y 2
cup water. 2 tablespoons lemon juice, I/2 cup su¬
gar, % cup crushed pineapple drained from its
juice. % cup boiled rice, a pinch of salt, I/2 cup
whipped cream. Soak gelatin in cold water and
dissolve in boiling hot orange juice. Stir in sugar
and lemon juice and cool. Beat until frothy, add
pineapple, salt rice and whipped cream and beat
well. Turn into individual molds and serve chilled
with cream and a cherry atop.

Crumb Cake

Three cups of flour, 1 cup white sugar. 1 cup
brown sugar, I/2 cup butter, 14 teaspoon cream <rf
tartar. Blend these ingredients well. Take out Ijj
cup crumbs to use for top of cake. Add 1 le\-el
teaspoon soda and I/2 cup sour cream to 2 well-
beaten eggs, then add to first mixture. Spread in two
eight-inch square pans. Spread crumbs over the
top. Bake in a moderate oven for about thirty-five
minutes.

Chopped Appetizer Relish

Ingredients: 1 lb. liver, 1 Spanish onion, 1 egg,
hard boiled; gravy, salt, pepper.

First, fry the liver in some of the gravy. While

this is cooling, chop the onions very fine. When the
liver is quite cold, chop along with the onion, mix¬
ing the while. Add a little gravy to moisten the
mixture, chop in the hard-boiled egg, and add pep¬
per and salt to taste. This served cold before din¬
ner, makes a good appetizer. All the ingredients
should be chopped very finq.

Baby’s First Walk

Some mothers imagine that immediately a baby-
shows signs of trying to walk he should be en¬
couraged to do so; but this is not always wise.
Usually leg bones are not strong enough to b'dar
the weight of the body until a child is fifteen*
months old. They have not hardened sufficiently.
The weight of the body on soft bones causes han¬
diness.

There is sometimes a tendency to handiness even
when babies are not allowed to walk before this
time, but this is usually due to rickets. A rickety
baby is generally bandy, with weak and flabby
muscles, and the only way to cure this condition
is to feed him with cod-liver oil and plenty of but¬
ter, milk, and eggs. A rickety child must be kept
from walking until his bones and muscles are
stronger, and hospital or clinic advice should be¬
sought.

An ordinarily healthy child should begin to-
walk at about fifteen or sixteen months. Before the-
walking stage, however, there is the crawling stage,
and baby should be encouraged to crawl. If the-
weather is cold, put down a crawling rug or an
old blanket and let him amuse himself on that; if
the weather is warm, let him crawl on a rug in the-
garden.

As baby grows older, he stands on his feet and
begins to totter. He must be helped until he has
mastered the art of balancing himself, until he
can take two or three steps alone without difficulty.
Precautions are necessaiv- at this stage, or in his
enthusiasm he will overtire himself and walk too
much upon legs which have not become accustomed
to his weight. Take him off his feet, therefore, im¬
mediately he has had his little walk.

Eliminate ^^Moth Dange/^ in Spring
Housecleaning

Spring cleaning calls for dusting, cleaning
closets and bureau drawers and beating rugs, but
it is even more important to make sure that moths
do not get into your household.

Moths lay their eggs in the spring and are

194

Employes’ Magazine

May, 1935

difficult to keep out if proper care is taken then.
But if allowed to thrive they cause infinite trouble.

If clothes, blankets and similar articles are
wrapped carefully in newspapers without gaps or
loop holes, moths will be kept out. Camphor flakes,
balls or gum camphor may be inserted for good
measure by the very careful housewife.

Camphor substances may also be put behind and
under cushions in furniture as an extra precaution.

Women’s Activities

Twenty-seven women earn their living as chim¬
ney sweeps in England.

When greeting friends, native Indian women of
Bolivia lift their hats.

Upward of 10,000 women in Japan are members
of the National Women’s Defense league.

Miss Merle Foster, noted sculptress of Toronto,
Canada, has her hands insured against injury for
$ 10 , 000 .

Ninety per cent of the clerks, tellers, vice presi¬
dents and directors in state banks in Russia are
women.

A total of 130 women legislators are members
of the governing bodies of thirty-four state legisla¬
tures this year.

Queen Victoria of England reigned the greatest
number of years of any of Great Britain’s rulers.

Girls as young as 12 years may be married in
the United States provided they receive the consent
of their parents.

Mrs. Margaret McManus, who recently celebrat¬
ed her eighty-eighth birthday, has lived in the same
house in Sherman, Texas, for fifty-one years.

Household Hints

Will Stay Put

If you are going to decorate your rolls with pop¬
py seed, spread just a little unbeaten egg white
on the tops before sprinkling on the seeds. After
baking the seeds will remain on the buns.

Bands and Diapers

Baby’s bands should not be hemmed but cut
about a half inch larger than desired and then
“pinked” along the edges to prevent raveling.
Diapers should be hemmed, preferably by hand, to
prevent raveling and to keep baby in neater con¬
dition. The hand hems are just a bit softer in the
finish of the diaper.

Teething Time

When baby is teething and his stomach refuses
to hold even milk, beat up the white of an egg
until stiff, add a few drops of orange juice and a
little bit of sugar to make it palatable and feed
it to him with a spoon. It is very strengthening
and forms a coating on the stomach which will
help to keep the stronger foods down.

When having rib roast, have part of the ribs re¬
moved and used for soap, and the roast will then
be easier to caiNe and Ike soup ven,- tasty if cooked
with vegetables.

Dues Vbcctabixs

When hupng dried lir—-. peas. rice. etc_ always
place in a colander or sarre and wash thoroughly
before putting thea •» soak preparatory to cook¬
ing. So often these aitielcs are kept in bins that
are more or less rtpa'rd and are apt to be dusty
and in need of a ^a^ wash before cooking. Then
soak in fresh wakr after they are clean.

If you will caaer ■atrrial stained by iodine with
a paste made of starch and water and leave it on
until the paste hccoMer powdery and dry, you can
just brudi off the starch and find the stain gone.

Mud stains can he l^en off tan shoes or slippers
if a slice of raw pitatn' is applied \-igorously.

Warming tlie Soil Aids Growth

Warming ihe sail has been found to aid the
growth of regetabow ro early spring. Thus bigger
and better regeCables and flowers are produced,
and they are piwdwced quicker than in nature.
V estingboose et^ineers have recently developed an
electric soil heater which "pushes” plant life dur¬
ing earlv spring, when the air is still cold and the
soil in the fieltb is frozen. The heater is placed in
a wooden box under the hotbed. A thermostat con¬
trols temperature and keeps it uniform, as in an
incubator. With the aid of this soil heater lettuce
breaks ground three days after the seed is sown.
Tomatoes, over the heater, are bigger and more
uniform than those in adjacent unheated beds.
Geraniums take root in 18 days instead of 30. And
95 to 98 out of 100 double petunia cuttings take
root in the soil where only 5 out of 100 for¬
merly did.

Let’s Wait Awhile

Razors pain you;

Rivers are damp;

Acids stain you;

And drugs cause cramp;

Guns aren’t lawful;

Nooses give;

Gas smells awful—

So you might as well live.

—By Dorothy Parker.

May, 1935

Employes’ Magazine

195

»”« Our Young Women “ “ “

Style Fads and Fancies

Paris couturiers announce that cape or jacket cos¬
tumes predominate in their orders. Skirts are of
mid-calf length. Tailored suits with single-breasted
jacket, or dresses with loose three-quarters coats are
proving to be quite popular, judging from the ava¬
lanche of orders received. Woolens of the crepe
familv or jersey are the choice in selections.

In hats, linens are “at the top.” The brimmed
styles in simple type make up very nicely from this
fabric. In keeping with their costumes, polkadotted
linen is mueh in evidence.

Lace evening wraps, in light and dark shades, as
well as in numerous silhouettes are being largely
marketed—they are practical—may be washed,
starched and ironed. It should not be forgotten that
plenty of fullness in the sleeve is quite essential to
their being successfully worn.

Hollywood favorites are appearing in brown
Milan straw hats with chamois leather knotted
loosely around. This leather is, too, in demand in
gloves and hand-bags.

Footwear of brown and white and navy and white
is in the shop windows in large volume—and all
white is plentifully shown, too.

Youthful, feminine and pretty are words so fre¬
quently used to describe the new Spring and Sum¬
mer models, that probahly by the end of the season

ire shall be tired of them.

Meanwhile, the words aptly apply even to the
tailored jacket suits that Paris couturiers are show¬
ing, in greater numbers than usual. Suits are made
feminine by soft dressmaker details and beautified
by pastel colorings. It is rare to see a full-length
sleeve even on a tailored coat—another fe minizi ng
element. Most jackets have elbow or three-quarter
sleeves. The shorter jackets everywhere noted are
essentially youthful, though when they are ample or
flaring, as is often the case, they are becoming to
any figure.

A kind thought is that of the makers of a fine
kiltie brogue type of shoe in white buckskin with
a perforated design. With the shoe comes a set of
detachable kiltie tongues one in red, one in white
and one in blue, so that the different fringed
tongues can be clipped on to match different frocks.

For every type of smart evening occasion is an

exquisite bag of sixteenth century Persian point
tapestry framed in hand-worked leather threaded
with silver. The clasp is set with synthetic rubies,
emeralds and sapphires.

A real treat that you owe to yourself is one of
the newest evening frocks with its own matching
tulle jacket all beru'lled. The jacket is in tulle of
the exact shade as the frock. Amethyst clips and belt
buckle trim the frock.

Just right for now and resort wear later on, is a
frock in ivory satin with candy stick stripes in a
giddy light blue, medium blue and white. These
stripes are in heavy upholstery satin. The bodice
has a prim fichu of folds of ivory satin held’ by
a sapphire clasp; the flared skirt is billowy and
full at the hem.

A steady demand for the unusual keeps designers
busy thinking up new clothes that are different but
not too exaggerated for general wear. Different but
most wearable is a long, fitted coat in black satin
with a tiny dot in silver thread. Silver lame lines
the hem and the cuffs.

One day recently, so the story runs, pretty Helen
Vinson of the movies was driving in her new car
when something went wrong with the engine. The
traffic light changed from green to red and back.
The traffic cop came up.

“What’s the matter, miss?” he inquired. “Ain’t
we got colors you like?”

A painter who lived in Great Britain,
Interrupted two girls with their knitain.

He said with a sigh,

“That park bench—well I
Just painted it, right where you’re sitain.”

Registrar of Marriages (to youthful bride¬
groom* : The young lady is not a minor, is she?
Bridegroom: Oh. no: she works in a beauty

parlor!

He looked at her with very soulful eyes as he
lay in the hospital bed. She was young, and blond,
and pretty, and very, very sweet. “Nurse,” he
sighed. “I don’t want to get well. I’m in love with
you.” “Shhh!” she replied demurely, “You wont
get well if you aren’t careful; the doctor is, too.”

“Is that a popular song that chap in the draw¬
ing room just sang?” “Well, it was before he
sang it.”

196

Employes’ Magazine

May, 1935

Our Little Folks

« « «

• City of Cyclists

Copenhagen is a city of bicycles.

It is estimated that there are 500,000 bicycles
amongst a population of 700,000 in Denmark’s
capital city. Each one is licensed but not num¬
bered.

White-haired men and women, too old to walk
far, are assisted on to their machines by grandchil¬
dren, and, arriving at their destination, are helped
from the saddle by their great grandchildren!

The bicycles are old, do not free wheel, and are
badly balanced. In fact they often have the rear
portion of the frame lashed together with wire or
string.

The procession begins at eight forty-five in the
morning, when the factory boys and girls stream
over the bridge leading to the heart of the city in
a seemingly endless file.

The machines are then left in any order in any
place, the owner invariably not retrieving his own,
but being well content with the one he first sets his
hands upon.

Car drivers have a bad time in Copenhagen, for
they are always considered to be in the wrong when
there is an accident. Accidents are fairly frequent,
for the bicycles only have a very small light, about
the size of a fifty-cent piece, at the rear, and the
riders have no road sense and swerve off to right or
left without warning.

When the lights are against the traffic at a main
cross road, it is estimated that between 200 and
300 cylists will be waiting to push on at their
change.

Romance of a Cat

A silver and blue cat, whose life story is one of
the romances of catland, was exhibited at the Crys¬
tal Palace, at the National Cat Club’s forty-second
show. Born in 1928, he was the property of a wom¬
an who was so poor that she could not afford to
keep him. Rather than run the risk of letting him
starve in the streets she made arrangements for
him to be destroyed. Just as the cat was about to
be put into the lethal chamber a woman who want¬
ed a silver and blue cat called at the depot on the
chance of finding one. She loved the cat as soon as
she saw him and bought him for ten shillings.
Since then he has won her forty prizes.

Here’s a Trick for You

The Crawling Egg

Two cardboard boxes and a blown egg will be
needed. Attach a piece of black thread, which

should be strong but not heavy, to the middle of a
bit of match stick. Push the stick through, the hole
at the end of a blown egg. Tie the other end of
the thread securely lo a bimt pin.

Before doing trick, hand the boxes around
to the audience, so that they May examine them and
see that no appaiatns is rwreiled- In the mean¬
time fasten the pin M riv hollOM of your vest or
top of your tronseis. The awfience will be busy
looking at the hoses and it will appear that you
merely are adjasling y o nr clothes.

Put the egg in one W the boxes. Command it to
crawl to the oAes box. It can be made to do this
by bending yonr kndy backwards a little, if you
are standing in Ar ri^t position. See that-it crawls
slowly and gently so as not to break the shell and
also becanse Aas is More effective.

Simple Arithmetic

.A. fanner left his estate to three sons as follows:
kfi to the fim; 1- to the second and 1/9 to the

third.

The l awye r who was appointed to divide the
property goC alcwg fine until he came to 17 cows.
He conMa't ^ride them by two, three or nine.

What to do?

.After mmt- figuring he disappeared for about
a half hanr and then returned leading a cow that
he had honowed from a neighboring farmer.

He now hnd 18 cows, so he gave of them tO'
the firs* son or 9: ^3 to the second son or 6; and
19 to the third son or 2; total 17.

Then he returned the borrowed cow and every¬
body was happy!!!

Try It and See

Take roar aae—

Mnlti^T bv 2—

Add 5-^

Multi|dy by 50—

Subtract

Add the loose change in your pocket under a

dollar—

Add 115—

.And the first two figures in the answer are your
age and the last two the change in your pocket.

The truth, and nothing but the truth, believe it
or not:

Freddy was sitting on the curb crying, when
Billy came along and asked him what was the

matter.

"Oh. I feel so bad ’cause Major’s dead—my nice
old collie!” sobbed Freddy.

May, 1935

Employes’ Magazine

197

“Shucks!” said Billy. “My grandma’s been dead
a week an’ you don’t catch me cryin’.”

Freddy wiped his eyes on his sleeve, and looking
xip at Billy sobbed despairingly: “Yes, but you
■didn’t raise your grandma from a pup.”

“Father,” said little Frank as he turned the pages
of his history book, “how did the clilf dwellers
keep warm in the winter time?”

“1^'hy I guess-, they used the mountain ranges.
TVow don't ask any more foolish questions.”

Neighbor: “Is this your ball, Tommy?”

Tommy: “Any windows or anything broken?”
Neighbor: “No.”

Tommy: “Thanks. It’s mine.”

Boy Scout Activities

1935 has some big anniversaries. At Westminster
Abbey, London, England, King George V will cele¬
brate his silver jubilee, the happy event dated
May 6.

The Boy Scout organization also is in its twenty-
fifth year, and the “jamboree” at Washington, D. C.,
in August next, portends to be a huge event with
an attendance of 30,000 or more, all under tents
along the Potomac River. Omaha has so far signed
17 boys to attend; Salt Lake City and vicinity has
over 100 names on its list with a special train
chartered; San Francisco is desirous of sending its
Boy Scout Band of 125 pieces; Oakland, California,
will also have a special train with 150 Scouts from
that area. Santa Barbara, California, has requested
that its qpiota be enlarged, besides other cities and
towns are seeking ways and means to have their
various troops at the big event.

Lord Baden-PowelL Chief Scout of the World,
and founder of the organization, arrived at San
Francisco early in .\pril to attend a three days'
conclave of prominent Scout Executives gathered
from Western States, at which some three hundred
were present.

The Boy Scout Foundation, of New York, was
organized by Franklin Delano Roosevelt, now Hon¬
orary President of the Boy Scouts of America, and
he has shown a keen interest in the work of Scout¬
ing upon every occasion.

Announcement has been made by Chief Scout
Executive that for the first time in the history of the
organization the actual membership at the close of
1934 exceeded one million, an increase of 7.7 per
cent over 1933.

A man wrote to a wholesale firm for a book for

Boy Scouts. It was delivered in due course with the
invoice. By return came a letter asking why the uni¬
form had not been delivered.

The wholesaler’s assistant was amused, but re¬
plied that no uniform was issued with the book.

A letter, rather indignant in tone, was received
stating that the customer still waited for the uni¬
form and asking that they should examine the offer
on the back page of the cover, where were the
words, “Uniform with this volume.”

Mother’s Day, May 12th

Sunday, May 12, is Mother’s Day, and its ob¬
servance by Scouts is one of their high points, many
Local Councils planning to stage a Council Cere¬
mony upon which occasion the lads present to their
mothers a miniature badge of rank of the Scout son.
Your correspondent is somewhat unfamiliar with
affairs in this vicinity in this respect, and is not
in position to state whether the district can boast
a Mothers’ Council. At any rate, it would be a
fine thing to organize one and much good would
result therefrom.

“Mama,” said little Willie, “where does fire go
when it goes out?” “Son,” replied his truthful
mother, “I can’t tell you that any more than I know
where your father goes when he goes out.”

And now that we’ve got on the subject of chil¬
dren, we want to pass along the story of a little
girl (age 6) we saw the other evening at the
dinner table, who remarked as she helped herself
to the last piece of chocolate cake, “Oh, well, this
won’t matter to me, for I’ve just been an old maid
all my life, anyhow.”

News About All of Us

Rock Springs

Mrs. WilHam Askey has returned from a visit with
friends and relatives in Ogden, Utah.

Pete Starman has returned from Salt Lake City, Utah,
where he received treatment for his eyes.

Miss Martha Rautianen and Mrs. Helen Anderson have
returned from a visit with relatives in Salt Lake City, Utah.

Mrs. Raymond Gras has returned home from the Wyo¬
ming General Hospital where she has been receiving medi¬
cal treatment.

Mrs. Harvey Robertson has returned to her home in
Mercer, Pennsylvania, after having visited here with her
parents, Mr. and Mrs. Chas. Outsen.

Mrs. John McTee, Sr., is confined to her home with
illness.

Miss Mae Armstrong and Mr. Mike Balen were married
in Manila, Utah, on March 16. They have gone to house¬
keeping on Logan Street, where they are receiving the con¬
gratulations of their many friends.

Joseph Iredale, of Salt Lake City, Utah, has been trans-

198

Employes’ Magazine

May, 1935

ROSE FLOWER AND GIFT SHOP

Phone 123 Security Bank Court ROCK SPRINGS

The Most Beautiful Display of Potted Plants and Flowers for Mother's Day and Memorial Day.

MAKE YOUR SELECTION EARLY WHILE ASSORTMENT IS CO:\IPLETE.

Mr. and Mrs. Raino Matson visited with relatives at
Boulder on April 1.

Mr. and Mrs. Bernard Todd are the proud parents of a
bahy son born March 29.

Mr. John C. Traeger has moved his family here from
Reliance, and he is now employed in No. 4 Mine.

Miss Ella McLeod has returned to Denver, Colorado,
after having visited here with her parents, Mr. and Mrs.
Hugh McLeod.

Tom Hansen visited with friends in Ogden, Utah, on
April 1.

Moses E. Harvey is quite ill at his home on K Street.

Frank Yamnik left on April 1 for a six months’ visit
with relatives in Europe.

Reliance

Mr. and Mrs. Mike Duzik and daughter have returned
to their home after visiting in Colorado.

Mrs. D. Baxter is visiting in Ogden, Utah, with rela-

Sympathy is extended to Mr. and Mrs. Joe Feam aad
Miss Nelle Young in the recent death of their father. Mr.
Gavin Young.

Mrs. Jane Robertson is visiting in Superior at the Saa
and Dick Dexter homes.

Mr. and Mrs. I. R. Halseth, of Green River, visiird it
the R. Dupont home recently.

Mr. and Mrs. James Pinter, of Dines, visited at the
James Kelley home here.

Mr. Joe Hurst is the proud owner of a new PlraHolh ear.

Mr. Charles Spence, of Salt Lake City, Utah, visited
friends and relatives here.

Mr. and Mrs. William Stack and son (Jimmy i left for
Washington, where they will make their home. Mr. Stack
will return in two weeks to remain here lor a while.
Friends wish them success and happiness ia their new

Mr. and Mrs. John Traeger are now residing in Rock
Springs.

Miss Christine Korogi, of Rock Springs, visited with her
parents, Mr. and Mrs. Mike Korogi. recently.

Mrs. Steve Welsh is our new Postmistress, taking the
place of Mrs. John Bastalich (nee Miss Dorothy Robert¬
son.)

Superior

Miss Marguerite Twohy, member of the National Girl
Scout staff in New York City, was a guest of Mrs. Matt
.\rkle, local Scout Chairman, on Thursday, March 27. A
school of instruction for leaders was conducted.

Many of the teachers enjoyed short vacations over the
week end of April 1. The following were in Laramie: Miss
Irene, Miss Linnan, Miss Hamilton and Mr. Byrd. Miss

Coffman was in Denver amd Miss Dolan in Pine Bluffs.

Mr. and Mrs. Jiacokoi ea i j an td a holiday in Kemmerer.

Miss Elvira PowelL af ^iwfa . enjoyed a visit at the
Hudson home.

Miss .-Mice BertagnaK. wW is a student at Denver
University, has r rtimu td la Denver after a vacation at

home.

The local P. T. held te regnlar meeting at the
Gymnasium on Aped ML .An imrir 'tin, program was pre¬
sented. The Pep At te n d by Miss Linnan, put on a

drilL The W. M. CBthairt family, of Kemmerer, pre¬
sented a mnsicai paopana. Dancing followed the program.
Mrs. hilham Ml luaa h has been confined to her home

Mrs. Qmales .A. Dean is convalescing at her home follow-

Mr. and Mi^ 'm."T. Arbuckle spent the Eight-Hour Day

holiday m Shh Lake City.

Jannita \oble and Connie Walker underwent operations
far aw c u ificitis during the month.

Mr^. James Hudson entertained at Contract on Saturday
cwrnmg March 30th in honor of her daughter, Miss Elvira
PoweH High scores were made by Mrs. Matt Arkle and
R Wylam.

Mr. and Mrs. James Mullen are the parents of a baby

H. H. Mayer and his mother, of Rawlins, were guests at
the A. L. Keeney home on March 30.

Mr. and Mrs. A. G. Hood and Graham spent the April
First holiday in Denver at the home of Mrs. Hood's mother,
Mrs. Kessner.

State Commissioner of Education, B. H. McIntosh, of
Cheyenne, made an official visit to the High School during
the month.

Miss Elvira Irene presented her first grade Rhythm Band
at the gymnasium on March 19. The band, which has 24
members, was well received by a large and appreciative
audience. Donald Edwards, as soloist, was an enjoyable
feature of the very splendid program.

Friends of Rudger Robinson, formerly of Superior, were
shocked to hear of his death, which occurred on March 26
at his home in Gridley, California. He had been Ul a month.
The Robinson family moved to California about six years
ago, after living many years in Superior.

Winton

Mr. and Mrs. Fred Grindel have moved to Rock Springs,
Wyoming.

Mr. and Mrs. W. H. Wallace and son (Glenroy) have
returned from a two weeks’ vacation in California. While
there they attended the wedding of Miss .Agness Wallace
(champion lady piper of America) which took place in
Glendale at the “Wee Kirk .Amoung the Heather.” On
the return trip they visited the Hoover Dam. Since return-

WESTECN AET€ TRANSIT CCMRANy

HUDSON - TERRAPLANE

\0/ REO TRUCKS

Sales and Service

Kelly Springfield Tire:

Established

1910

Rock Springs

May, 1935

Employes’ Magazine

199

KELLOGG 1

' Building Materials and Paints

LUMBER \

General Contractors

COMPANY 1

. ROCK SPRINGS, WYOMING

ing, Glenroy has returned to his studies at the University
of Wyoming.

Mr. and Mrs. Mike Motichka and family visited with
Mike’s parents at Lyman, Wyoming.

The Contract Bridge Club was entertained at the home
of Mrs. J. A. Williams on Wednesday, April 3, 1935.
Prizes were won by Mrs. Wm. Daniels and Mrs. Krueger,
Mrs. Joe Wise receiving the guest prize. A tasty luncheon
was served at the close of the afternoon.

The Senior Class play of the Reliance High School,
“Listen World,” was very successful, a large number of
Winton people attending.

Mr. and Mrs. Joe Botero and daughter and the Hapgood
family visited with friends and relatives in Hanna, Wyo¬
ming. over the April 1st week end.

Hodge Burress and family have been transferred to

Reliance, Wyoming.

Little Shirley Warinner was honored by a Birthday party
at her home on Wednesday, April 3, 1935, many of her
friends being present, and a good time was had by all.

Shirley receired many lorely gifts.

Mr. Dan Daniels. Jr. was the victim of a serious injury
in the mine here on April S. 1935. it being necessary to
amputate his right leg below the knee.

Hanna

Mrs. Alex Clark and children visited with Mrs. Clark's
folks in Rock Springs for two weeks.

Mrs. George Wales was called to Salt Lake by the illness

Little Tommy Love, who had the misfortune of breaking
his leg when he was run over by the Workingmen’s Com¬
mercial truck is getting along nicely at the Hanna Hos¬
pital.

Wilma Kivi, small daughter of Mr. and Mrs. John Kivi,
is well again after having had scarlet fever.

A miscellaneous shower was given at the Community
Hall for Miss Muriel Crawford, bride to be, on March 23.
A large attendance enjoyed the evening and Miss Crawford
received many beautiful and useful gifts.

Mr. and Mrs. William Jones, of Idaho, formerly of
Hanna, are visiting relatives and friends here.

Mrs. Thomas Rodda entertained at a birthday party
in honor of Mrs. William Jones. Those present besides the
hostess were Mrs. Mangan, Mrs. F. E. Ford, Mrs. S.- JL.-
Morgan, Mrs. William Nelson, Mrs. H. Renny, Mrs. S. I.
Rodda, Mrs. Joe Briggs, and the honor guest.

John Rodda left for Oklahoma, where he will join the

Mrs. Eliza While entertained the Ladies Aid Society at
her home on Wednesday, April 3.

A miscellaneous shower was given at the Community
Hall for Mrs. Clyde Marian, nee Miss Dolly While, who
was a recent bride. Sixty people were invited and enjoyed
games and refreshments. Mrs. Marian was the recipient
of many beautiful gifts.

The SewSo Club entertained at a birthday party in

type talk

IT’S SUCH A SIMPLE STEP TO

A FINANCIAL PEACE OF MIND

“SAVE AS YOU EARN” . , , “HAVE AS YOU NEED”

- - save yours at

ROCK SPRINGS NATIONAL

Rock Springs, Wyoming

BANK

- - where conservative banking
methods cast a mantle of
protection over your savings

■200

Employes’ Magazine

May, 1935

honor of Mrs. W. K. Burford and presented her with a
table lamp.

Mr. and Mrs. Oscar Henkel, of Rock Springs, were Han¬
na visitors recently. Mrs. Henkel lived in Hanna when a
■child. Her parents, Mr. and Mrs. William Lonki, were old-
time residents of Hanna.

Mr. and Mrs. Mark-Lee entertained Mr. and Mrs. Clyde
Marian at dinner on April 6.

Mr. and Mrs. Ives and child, of Fort Collins, Colorado,
are visiting with Rev. and Mrs. Wilson and family.

Mr. and Mrs. William Lowe and Mr. and Mrs. William
Hapgood, of Winton, attended the wedding of Muriel
Crawford and James Kitching on March 31.

€he

_ffice

W^room

The Store Managers from the
various mining districts met in the Li¬
brary of the General Office building
„.i March 25th, where all the intricate
proldems pertaining to the collection of
me new Wyoming Sales Tax Law were ex¬
plained to them by Auditor Tallmire and Manager of
Stores Jefferis.

The smiling countenance and cheery hand-clasp of David
G. Thomas, William K. Lee,.James Moon, Joseph McTee,
Sr., and numerous other Old Timers who have been re¬
moved from our midst since the last Reunion will be a
thing of the past at our future sessions.

James Kitching, Miner at Winton, led to the altar MiM
Muriel Crawford, Hanna, at the Hanna Methodist Church.
Sunday, March 31. Muriel acted as a Clerk and Stenogra¬
pher for some period in the General Office, and later was
on the teachers' staff at Winton for several years. Their
many friends extend hearty congratulations to the young
couple. Their future home will be in this city.

A ploughman was interviewed by his intended mother-in-
law, who was anxious to find out something about his
means. Being questioned whether he was in a p^ition to
Leep a wife, Jock confidently replied in the affirmative,
placing the matter beyond all doubt by volunteering the
following information: “There’s hardly a mornin but a
leave some o’ ma’ parritch; in fact, if a’ dmna get a wile
-a’ maun get a soo.” -

Arthur Anderson, of the Accounting Department, is out
with a new Pontiac, and, say! is it classy?

Rock Springs High School will graduate 135 pupils on
May 29, the second largest number in the history of this
institution. The girls this year outnumber the boys by
'68 to 67.

Organized Labor celebrated 8-hour day on April 1st with
free picture shows for the children, a parade, band concert,
three free dances. The speaker for the occasion, David
Fowler, President of U. M. W., District 21, Muskogee,
Oklahoma, was unable to be present due to his attendance
at the Washington wage conference.

The huge block of Rock Springs coal extracted from
one of the Company mines here in 1893 for exhibition at
the Chicago Columbian Exposition and later at Philadel¬

phia and other eastern cities, will be broken up and used
in the stokers of the State Capitol Building. It has been
on display in that edifice since 1917 and the space it occu¬
pied is now required for other purposes. We understand
the piece of coal weighed over three thousand pounds.

One o« a Million

Kill a fly in spring.

You do a fine thinu:

KjH a fly in May.

You keep tkoosands away:

KiU a fly in JuK.

Your results euuie not so soon:

Kill a At in Jnly.

Yon just kill a fly.

Rock Springs was granted eighteen saloon licenses, then
it asked for se\en more. When a fellow is in the county
poor-house, it will be fun to think back to the days when
he said, “Have another one on me.”

Down in New York State, where pies are pies, a wagon
laden with half a ton of apple, custard and lemon meringue,
examples of the art, collided with an automobile. The
wagon driver was submerged and unable to extricate him¬
self, when a boys’ baseball team came along and gallantly
ate their way to him, effecting his release.

Walt. H. Weimer, former Mining Engineer at Superior,
and later Foreman at “C” mine, there, who left our service
in September 1930, is now Chief Engineer of the Crescent
Mining Company of Illinois. Some of his many friends
here have asked if he is still as fond of “The 12th Street
Blues” as formerly.

There were 3,778 men employed in the coal mines of
Wyoming in 1934. Fifty-six men, or one out of each 67 men
on the mine payrolls, are seeking nomination for eleven
offices in the September run-off. May the best men win.

Ifirsi ^nixk

OF ROCK SPRINGS

^his bank is a member of
the Temporary Fund of the
Federal Deposit Insurance
Corporation, and its deposit¬
ors are entitled to the benefits
of deposit insurance
thus created

*6 Years of Banking Service
in this Community

Member First Security Corporation System
Largest Intermountain Banking Organization

May, 1935

Employes’ Magazine

201

FIRE CHIEF

GASOLINE

At Zero or Below

STARTS

47 %

FASTER

Than the United States
Government Requires
For Its Emergency Equipment.

Ask DODGE Owners

They are claiming 21 miles
to the gallon, as high as 3
more miles to the gallon
than many of the lower
priced cars.

McCURTAIN MOTOR CO.

Phone 6oi .... ROCK SPRINGS, WYO.

Electric (Service,

The greatest value for the least cost.
It adds so much to the joy of living,
and so little to the cost of living.

SOUTHERN WYOMING UTILITIES CO.

PHONE 901 ROCK SPRINGS, WYOMING

202

Employes’ Magazine

May, 1935

H O W A R D’S

Corner So. Front and C Streets
Rock Springs, Wyo.

Good Things to Eat

The Best Place in the City.

^ock Springs floralSh op

Established 1921
Mrs. J. S. Salmon, Proprietor

Rex Hotel Building—Rock Springs

Cut Flowers and Plants

For All Occasions

Leading Florist of the District
GIVE US A CALL Phone 61

WESTERN CAFE

403 North Front Street Phone 785

Quality Foods

at reasonable prices

Meals at all hours—day and nisht

SUPERIOR FOUNTAIN SERVICE

T. Seddon Taliaferro, Jr.

// T TORN EY

Rock Springs, Wyoming

When you buy it

at PENNEY’S

It’s Right

In Price

In Quality-
In Style

SHOP AT PENNEY’S

421 No. Front St. Rock Springs/Wyo.

Rock Springs Steam Laundry

SMITH BROS., Props.

Rock Springs Phone 18

If your CURTAINS need
laundering

OUR WORK IS UNEXCELLED
Let us clean your blankets, rugs and carpets, tc«3.

I^^^VROLET,^

UTZINGER CHEVROLET COMPANY

ROCK SPR1N6S, WYOMING
ChcTTotct and Oldanobile Sales and Service

•

New Chevrolet Std. Coach ^656.

Defivered at Rock Springs, fully equipped.

Has the Master Motor

E. L. WETZEL

CLEANING AND PRESSING OF
FINE CLOTHES SOLICITED

TELEPHONE 1 5 8

_ ROCK SPRINGS -

May, 1935

Employes’ Magazine

203

COTTAGE ^

Studio

A. ST. CROIX, Prop.

22 K St. (Next to North Side Bank)

ASK ABOUT OUR

5 PECIAL

ON BABY PHOTOGRAPHS

Photographic Work

TURNED OUT BY US

IS ARTISTIC

GRAND CAFE

Opposite U. P. Depot

Rock Springs’ Oldest Cafe with

Latest Improvements

STEAKS OUR SPECIALTY

FOUNTAIN SERVICE

Where Particular People Dine

See the new Ford I'- S

FORD V-8 COACH
$675.00 Fully Equipped

Delivered at your door
(Cali for a Demonstration)

CRIPPA MOTOR CO.

204 Elk Street Phone 26

Rock Springs, Wyoming

Plumbing and Heating Dealers in Plumbing

Contractors Supplies

Rock Springs Plumbing
Company

Matt Steffensen, Prop,

324 Grant Street Phone 160

ROCK SPRINGS, WYO.

ACME PAINT & GLASS CO.

140 K Street

STATE GARAGE

New One'Coat Waterspar Enamel

18 Colors

'^’allhide Semi-Gloss Wall Paint

We do Painting and Paper Hanging

CALL US FOR TERMS

Phone 690 Rock Springs. Wyo.

Phone 843 .> Rock Springs

Plymouth & DeSoto

Sales and Service

New Plymouth full-size Four-Door Sedan,
fully equipped, now $740.00,
f. o. b. Rock Springs.

Mother’s Day - May 12

SAYLOR’S

and

WHITMAN’S

BOX CHOCOLATES

CARDS, GIFTS, ETC.

Telephone 111

NORTH SIDE
STATE BANK

"‘The Peoples Bank”

•

We invite you to bring
your banking and insur¬
ance problems to us.

"Frigidaire '35

WITH THE

Famous

Super

Freezer

NOW ON DISPLAY AT OUR
FRIGIDAIRE SPRING PARADE

We extend a cordial invitation to you and
your friends to attend the Frigidaire Spring
Parade and see the beautiful new Frigidaires.
Each of the 16 snow-white models has the
new Super Freezer, affording greater conven¬
ience and economy and setting new stand¬
ards for efficient household refrigeration.

The Super Freezer makes possible a Com¬
plete Refrigeration Service. It provides the
right kinds of cold for every purpose—all
in the same cabinet. There’s fast freezing
for making ice cubes and desserts; frozen
storage for meats and ice cream; extra cold
storage for keeping a reserve supply of ice
cubes; moist storage for vegetables and
fruits; and normal storage below 50° for
foods requiring dry, frosty cold.

Besides the Super Freezer, the new Frigid¬
aire ’35 has the Cold Control, automatic reset
defrosting switch that turns the current on
when defrosting is completed, automatic ice

tray release, and die intrrior of each Is fin¬
ished in porcelain-on-steeL

Come into our showrooaa m. jom first op-
pormnity. See the Frigidaife Sfitiag Parade!
Then learn how easily jtm cam hare a Frigid¬
aire of your own.

THE UNION PACIFIC COAL COMPANY STORES

"Where Your Dollar is a Big Boy All The Time"

ROCK SPRINGS • RELIANCE . WINTON • SUPERIOR • HANNA

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Full text of "Union Pacific Coal Company Employes' Magazine Volume 12, Number 5, May 1935"

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